Πᾶσα γενικὴ ὀνόματος κοινὴ ἀπαθὴς ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς συλλαβῆς ἔχει τὸν τόνον, ἐφ´ ἧς καὶ ἡ εὐθεῖα, χωρὶς εἰ μὴ ἕτερος λόγος κωλύσῃ, ὑπεσταλμένων τῶν εἰς 'ος' δισυλλάβων γενικῶν, Αἴαντος ἐκ τοῦ Αἴας, λέβης λέβητος ἐπὶ τῆς πρώτης, ταχύς ταχέος, ὀξύς ὀξέος ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας, Ἀχιλλεύς Ἀχιλλέως, εὐγενής εὐγενέος ἐπὶ τῆς τρίτης. τὰ μέντοι προπαροξύτονα ἐπὶ τῆς εὐθείας οὐ φυλάττει τὸν κανόνα, ἐπεὶ ἀδύνατόν ἐστι πρὸ τῶν τριῶν συλλαβῶν δοθῆναι τόνον, Ἄδωνις Ἀδώνιδος, φίλημα φιλήματος. ἔτι τὸ Ὅμηρος Ὁμήρου, ἄνθρωπος ἀνθρώπου οὐ φυλάττει, ἀλλὰ καταβιβάζει τὸν τόνον, διότι μακρᾶς οὔσης τῆς ληγούσης οὐ δύναται προπαροξύνεσθαι λέξις, εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἀττικῶν. τὸν γὰρ τῶν κοινῶν εὐθειῶν τόνον φυλάττουσι τὰ Ἀττικά, κἂν κατὰ γενικὴν μόνην γένηται ἡ ἐπέκτασις ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ πόλεως καὶ μάντεως. τὸ δὲ Ὅμηροι, ἄελλαι προπαροξύνεται ἀντὶ κοινῆς παραλαμβανομένης τῆς διφθόγγου ἐν τέλει λέξεως οὔσης ἐπὶ τῆς εὐθείας πληθυντικῆς καὶ κλητικῆς, ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἄλλαις πτώσεσιν οὔ. οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν, τύπτονται, πεποίηνται, τύπτεσθαι, λέγεσθαι. τὸ δὲ μητρός καὶ ἀνδρός καὶ πατρός ἀπὸ τοῦ μητέρος καὶ ἀνέρος καὶ πατέρος ἐγένετο κατὰ συγκοπήν, διὸ οὐκ ἐφύλαξαν τὸν τόνον ἀκολουθήσαντα ταῖς δισυλλάβοις γενικαῖς. τὸ δὲ ἀνδρός κατὰ συγκοπὴν γενόμενον ἐκ τοῦ ἀνέρος ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐπλεόνασε τὸ 'δ'. οὐκ ἠδύνατο γὰρ εἶναι ἀνρός χωρὶς τοῦ 'δ', ἐπεὶ τὸ 'ν' πρὸ τοῦ 'ρ' οὔτε ἐν συλλήψει δύναται εἶναι οὔτε ἐν διαστάσει. Καὶ τὸ γουνός καὶ δουρός συγκοπέντα ἐκ τοῦ γούνατος καὶ δούρατος ὀξύνονται ὁμοίως τῷ πατρός, μητρός, ἀνδρός. Τὸ δὲ κρέως, γήρως, κέρως τινὲς ὀξύνειν θέλουσι λέγοντες, ὅτι ἀπὸ τοῦ κρέατος καὶ γήρατος καὶ κέρατος ἐγένοντο κατὰ συγκοπὴν τοῦ 'α' καὶ 'τ' κρεός καὶ γηρός καὶ κερός διὰ τοῦ 'ο' ὀξυτόνως τῷ λόγῳ τῶν εἰς 'ος' δισυλλάβων γενικῶν οἷον πατρός, μητρός καὶ λοιπὸν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐκτείνοντες τὸ 'ο' εἰς 'ω' ἐφύλαξαν τὴν ὀξεῖαν τάσιν οἷον κρεώς γηρώς κερώς. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα βαρυτονητέον τῷ λόγῳ τῆς συναιρέσεως τῆς γενομένης ἀπὸ ὀξείας καὶ δύο βαρειῶν εἰς ὀξεῖαν καὶ βαρεῖαν οἷον κρέαος κρέως, γήραος γήρως ὥσπερ Δημοσθένεος Δημοσθένους, Διομήδεος Διομήδους. εἰ δὲ λέγεται κατὰ συγκοπὴν γεγενῆσθαι ἐν τῇ
Every common, uninflected genitive of a noun has the accent on that syllable on which the nominative also has it, unless some other principle prevents it—setting aside the disyllabic genitives in -ος: Αἴαντος from Αἴας; λέβης, λέβητος with the accent on the first; ταχύς, ταχέος, ὀξύς, ὀξέος with the accent on the second; Ἀχιλλεύς, Ἀχιλλέως, εὐγενής, εὐγενέος with the accent on the third. The words that are proparoxytone in the nominative, however, do not keep the rule, since it is impossible for an accent to be placed before the third syllable from the end: Ἄδωνις, Ἀδώνιδος; φίλημα, φιλήματος. Further, Ὅμηρος, Ὁμήρου, ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου do not keep it, but lower the accent, because when the final syllable is long a word cannot be proparoxytone, except in the case of the Attic forms. For the Attic forms keep the accent of the common nominatives, even if the lengthening occurs only in the genitive, as in πόλεως and μάντεως. But Ὅμηροι, ἄελλαι are proparoxytone, instead of the diphthong at the end of the word being taken as common, since it occurs in the nominative plural and the vocative, but not in the other cases. So too in many other forms: τύπτονται, πεποίηνται, τύπτεσθαι, λέγεσθαι. And μητρός and ἀνδρός and πατρός arose by syncope from μητέρος and ἀνέρος and πατέρος; therefore they did not keep the accent that follows the disyllabic genitives. And ἀνδρός, having arisen by syncope from ἀνέρος, of necessity acquired an additional δ; for it could not be ἀνρός without δ, since ν before ρ can exist neither in combination nor in separation. And γουνός and δουρός, syncopated from γούνατος and δούρατος, are likewise oxytone like πατρός, μητρός, ἀνδρός. As for κρέως, γήρως, κέρως, some wish to accent them oxytone, saying that from κρέατος and γήρατος and κέρατος they arose by syncope of α and τ as κρεός and γηρός and κερός with ο, oxytone by the principle of the disyllabic genitives in -ος, such as πατρός, μητρός; and then the Athenians, lengthening ο to ω, kept the acute pitch, as in κρεώς, γηρώς, κερώς. But these must be given a grave accent by the principle of the contraction that has taken place from an acute and two graves into an acute and a grave, as κρέαος, κρέως; γήραος, γήρως—just as Δημοσθένεος, Δημοσθένους; Διομήδεος, Διομήδους. But if it is said to have come about by syncope in the…