Discussion of accentuation rules for feminine nouns: dative singulars in -νη and plural endings in -σι showing proparoxytone/preparoxytone shifts (examples Δωδώνῃ, ὑσμῖνι, ἄστρασι), and accusative singular endings in -α or -ν with corresponding tone behavior (examples Αἴαντα, Μῆνα, Ἀδώνιδα); notes on related forms like μητέρα, θυγάτερα and exceptions.
τῶν εἰς 'νη' θηλυκῶν φύσει μακρᾷ παραληγομένων μεταπεπλασμέναι δοτικαὶ προπερισπῶνται οἷον ὑσμίνῃ ὑσμῖνι «μέμασαν δὲ καὶ ὧς ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι» (Θ 56), Δωδώνῃ Δωδῶνι «Δωδῶνι ναίων Ζεὺς ὁμέστιος βροτῶν». ὁ Σοφοκλῆς Ὀδυσσεῖ ἀκανθοπλῆγι «καὶ τὸν ἐν Δωδῶνι παῦσον δαίμον´ εὐλογούμενον» (fr. 415 Nauck) καὶ ἐν Τραχινίαις ( 170) «ὡς τὴν παλαιὰν φηγὸν αὐδῆσαί ποτε Δωδῶνι δισσῶν ἐκ πελειάδων ἔφη» καὶ Καλλίμαχος «τὸν ἐν Δωδῶνι λέγοι μόνον οὕνεκα χαλκὸν ἤγειρον». Ὁμοίως καὶ αἱ πληθυντικαὶ μεταπεπλασμέναι εἰς 'σι' λήγουσαι προπαροξύνονται ἐγκάτοις ἔγκασι, ἄστροις ἄστρασι, προβάτοις πρόβασι. {1Περὶ τόνου τῆς ἑνικῆς αἰτιατικῆς.}1 Αἱ αἰτιατικαὶ ἑνικαὶ εἰς 'α' λήγουσι ἢ εἰς 'ν', ἀπαθεῖς οὖσαι. Αἱ μὲν οὖν εἰς 'α' λήγουσαι ἐπ´ ἐκείνης τῆς συλλαβῆς ἔχουσι τὸν τόνον, ἐφ´ ἧς καὶ ἡ εὐθεῖα, εἰ μὴ τονικὸν κωλύοι παράγγελμα. Αἴας Αἴαντα, μήν μῆνα, σωτήρ σωτῆρα. ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἄδωνις Ἀδώνιδα, Ἄθηνις Ἀθήνιδα διὰ τὸ μὴ πρὸ τριῶν πίπτειν ποτὲ τὸν τόνον κατεβιβάσθη συλλαβὴν ὁ τόνος. πάλιν τὸ γυναῖκα «γυναῖκα θήσατο μαζόν» (Ω 88) προπερισπώμενον, δέον προπαροξύνεσθαι, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡ εὐθεῖα γύναιξ παρωξύνθη. σημειωτέον οὖν αὐτό. καὶ ἔτι τὸ μητέρα καὶ θυγατέρα παροξυνομένα· ἔδει γὰρ ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ θυγάτηρ καὶ μήτηρ. ἀλλὰ πάλιν ταῦτα συνεξῆλθον ταῖς συγγενικαῖς δαέρα πατέρα ἀνέρα. τὸ δὲ θύγατρα «λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα» (Α 13) ἀναβιβάζει.
Of the feminine nouns in -νη whose penult is by nature long, the altered datives are accented with a circumflex on the antepenult, as for example ὑσμίνῃ (from ὑσμῖνι): «μέμασαν δὲ καὶ ὧς ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι» (Θ 56), and Δωδώνῃ (from Δωδῶνι): «Δωδῶνι ναίων Ζεὺς ὁμέστιος βροτῶν». Sophocles in the Odysseus Akantoplēx: «καὶ τὸν ἐν Δωδῶνι παῦσον δαίμον´ εὐλογούμενον» (fr. 415 Nauck), and in the Trachiniae (170): «ὡς τὴν παλαιὰν φηγὸν αὐδῆσαί ποτε Δωδῶνι δισσῶν ἐκ πελειάδων ἔφη», and Callimachus: «τὸν ἐν Δωδῶνι λέγοι μόνον οὕνεκα χαλκὸν ἤγειρον». Likewise the altered plurals ending in -σι are accented on the antepenult: ἐγκάτοις (from ἔγκασι), ἄστροις (from ἄστρασι), προβάτοις (from πρόβασι).
{1On the accent of the singular accusative.}1 The singular accusatives end in -α or in -ν, being uninflected. Those ending in -α, then, have the accent on that syllable on which the nominative also has it, unless an accentual rule prevents it: Αἴας, Αἴαντα; μήν, μῆνα; σωτήρ, σωτῆρα. But in the case of Ἄδωνις, Ἀδώνιδα, and Ἄθηνις, Ἀθήνιδα, because the accent never falls before the third syllable from the end, the accent has been lowered by one syllable. Again, the γυναῖκα in «γυναῖκα θήσατο μαζόν» (Ω 88), accented with a circumflex on the antepenult, though it ought to be accented on the antepenult with an acute, since the nominative γύναιξ is accented on the penult; it must therefore be noted. And further μητέρα and θυγατέρα are accented on the penult; for they ought to be as in θυγάτηρ and μήτηρ. But again these have gone along with the kinship terms δαέρα, πατέρα, ἀνέρα. But θύγατρα in «λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα» (Α 13) raises the accent.