Discusses accentuation (barytone, oxytone, perispomenon) and case endings (accusative, genitive, vocative) for Greek proper names; notes Aeolic forms and effects of diphthongs ('eu', 'u') on vocative accent.
τὴν Ἐρατώ καὶ Κλειώ καὶ τὰς παραπλησίους ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ω' εὐθεῶν τῆς Λητώ Κλειώ Ἐρατώ, συνῃρημένας ἀπὸ τῆς Λητόα, Κλειόα Ἐρατόα, δέον περισπᾶν, ὀξύνομεν διὰ τὴν συνέμπτωσιν τῆς εὐθείας. ὅτε γὰρ πτῶσις ἑτέρᾳ πτώσει συνεμπέσῃ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀριθμόν, πάντως καὶ ὁμοτονεῖ· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ Δημοσθένεις οἱ εὐσεβεῖς καὶ τοὺς Δημοσθένεις καὶ τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς, οἱ ἰχθῦς καὶ τοὺς ἰχθῦς. πρόσκειται «κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀριθμὸν» διὰ τὸ τῆς φοβερᾶς καὶ τὰς φοβεράς· ὀξύνεται γὰρ ἡ πληθυντικὴ αἰτιατική, ἡ δὲ γενικὴ περισπᾶται. Αἱ εἰς 'ην' λήγουσαι αἰτιατικαὶ ἀπὸ γενικῶν εἰς 'ους' ληγουσῶν οὖσαι, εἰ μὲν βαρύνεται ἡ εὐθεῖα, βαρύνονται οἷον Σωκράτης Σωκράτους Σωκράτην, Δημοσθένης Δημοσθένους Δημοσθένην, εἰ δὲ περισπᾶται ἡ εὐθεῖα, περισπῶνται οἷον Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλοῦς Ἡρακλῆν, Περικλῆς Περικλοῦς Περικλῆν· εἰ δὲ ὀξύνεται ἡ εὐθεῖα, βαρύνονται διὰ τὸ τοὺς Αἰολεῖς κεχρῆσθαι ταύταις ταῖς αἰτιατικαῖς. δυσμένην γὰρ λέγουσι καὶ κυκλοτέρην καὶ εὐρυνέφην τῶν εὐθειῶν ὀξυνομένων οἷον ὁ δυσμενής, ὁ κυκλοτερής, ὁ εὐρυνεφής. οἱ γὰρ Αἰολεῖς βαρυντικοί εἰσι· τὸ γὰρ Ἀτρεύς Ἄτρευς λέγουσι καὶ τὸ Πηλεύς Πήλευς καὶ τὸ Ἀχιλλεύς Ἀχίλλευς. {1Περὶ τόνου τῆς κλητικῆς.}1 Πᾶσα κλητικὴ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς συλλαβῆς ἔχει τὸν τόνον, ἐφ´ ἧς ἂν καὶ ἡ εὐθεῖα, εἰ καὶ μὴ τὸν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸν κανόνα τοῦ τόνου, χωρὶς τῶν μελλόντων προσδιορίζεσθαι, οἷον Ὅμηρος Ὅμηρε, καλός καλέ, εὐσεβής εὐσεβές, Χρύσης Χρύση, πανταπώλης πανταπώλη, βασιλεύς βασιλεῦ. ἀλλ´ ἐπὶ τῶν εἰς 'ευς' εὐθειῶν ὀξυνομένων αἱ κλητικαὶ περισπῶνται, καθόλου γὰρ ἡ διὰ τοῦ 'υ' δίφθογγος καταλήγουσα ἀπέστραπται τὴν ὀξεῖαν τάσιν· ἔνθεν σημειούμεθα τὴν οὔ ἀπόφασιν καὶ ἰδού δεικτικὸν καὶ ἰού σχετλιαστικὸν ἐπίρρημα, περὶ ὧν ἐν ἄλλοις ἀπολογούμεθα. Ἔτι ὁμοτονεῖ βότρυς ὦ βότρυ, ταχύς ὦ ταχύ, Ἄδωνις ὦ Ἄδωνι, πόλις ὦ πόλι, δελφίς ὦ δελφί, Λειώδης ὦ Λειῶδες,
We accent Ἐρατώ and Κλειώ and the like—contracted from the straight forms in -ω, Λητώ, Κλειώ, Ἐρατώ, and contracted from Λητόα, Κλειόα, Ἐρατόα—with an acute, though we ought to circumflex, because of the coincidence of the nominative. For whenever one case coincides with another case in the same number, it necessarily also has the same accent; for this reason also οἱ Δημοσθένεις οἱ εὐσεβεῖς and τοὺς Δημοσθένεις and τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς, οἱ ἰχθῦς and τοὺς ἰχθῦς. The phrase “in the same number” is added because of τῆς φοβερᾶς and τὰς φοβεράς: for the plural accusative is accented with an acute, but the genitive is circumflexed.
Accusatives ending in -ην, being from genitives ending in -ους: if the nominative is barytone, they are barytone, e.g. Σωκράτης Σωκράτους Σωκράτην, Δημοσθένης Δημοσθένους Δημοσθένην; but if the nominative is circumflexed, they are circumflexed, e.g. Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλοῦς Ἡρακλῆν, Περικλῆς Περικλοῦς Περικλῆν. But if the nominative is accented with an acute, they are barytone, because the Aeolians make use of these accusatives: for they say δυσμένην and κυκλοτέρην and εὐρυνέφην, while the nominatives are accented with an acute, e.g. ὁ δυσμενής, ὁ κυκλοτερής, ὁ εὐρυνεφής. For the Aeolians are barytonizing: for Ἀτρεύς they say Ἄτρευς, and Πηλεύς, Πήλευς, and Ἀχιλλεύς, Ἀχίλλευς.
{1On the accent of the vocative.}1 Every vocative has the accent on that syllable on which the nominative also has it, even if not the same accent, because of the rule of accent, except for those that are going to be specified later, e.g. Ὅμηρος Ὅμηρε, καλός καλέ, εὐσεβής εὐσεβές, Χρύσης Χρύση, πανταπώλης πανταπώλη, βασιλεύς βασιλεῦ. But in the case of nominatives in -ευς accented with an acute, the vocatives are circumflexed; for in general the diphthong ending in -υ has avoided the acute tension. Hence we note the negative οὔ and the deictic ἰδού and the exclamatory adverb ἰού, about which we make our defense elsewhere. Further, βότρυς has the same accent, ὦ βότρυ; ταχύς, ὦ ταχύ; Ἄδωνις, ὦ Ἄδωνι; πόλις, ὦ πόλι; δελφίς, ὦ δελφί; Λειώδης, ὦ Λειῶδες,