Prosodia Catholica (Herodian)

Passage 1.420
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1.420
Accent rules for Greek dual forms
Τὰ εἰς 'ων' συγκριτικὰ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ὄντα προπαροξύνονται κατὰ τὴν κλητικὴν οἷον ὁ βελτίων ὦ βέλτιον, ὁ ἀμείνων ὦ ἄμεινον, ὁ γλυκίων ὦ γλύκιον, ὁ ἀρείων ὦ ἄρειον. {1Περὶ τόνου τῆς δυϊκῆς εὐθείας.}1 Πᾶσα εὐθεῖα δυϊκὴ εἰς 'α' λήγει ἢ εἰς 'ε' ἢ εἰς 'ω'. —Αἱ εἰς 'ε' λήγουσαι τῆς εἰς 'α' αἰτιατικῆς ἔχουσι τὸν τόνον, ὅτε ἐστὶ ῥητή, Αἴαντα Αἴαντε, Πάριδα Πάριδε, ἄνδρα ἄνδρε, γυναῖκα γυναῖκε. ἔνθεν πάλιν παρὰ τὸ τινά ὀξύνεται τὸ τινέ «ξείνω δή τινε» (Od. δ 26), τὸ δὲ πυσματικὸν πάλιν βαρύνεται. ὅτε δὲ μή ἐστι ῥητὴ ἡ εἰς 'α' αἰτιατική, τότε τῇ εἰς 'ος' γενικῇ ὁμοτονεῖ τὸ δυϊκόν, ταχέος ταχέε, πήχεος πήχεε. τὰ δύο 'εε' εἰς 'η' συναιροῦσιν Ἀθηναῖοι. ἐγὼ δέ τοι πεπόνηκα κομιδῇ τὼ σκέλη (Aristoph. Pac. 820). οὐκ ἐμοῦ κινοῦντος αὐτὼ τὼ σκέλη χορεύετον (Arist. Pac. 325). καὶ πρός γε τούτοις ἥκετον πρεσβῆ δύο (Arist. fr. 495 Dind.). δεῖ προσθεῖναι χωρὶς τῶν ὀξυτόνων γενικῶν, ἐπὶ τούτων γὰρ ἡ εὐθεῖα οὐχ ὁμοτονεῖ, μυός μύε, συός σύε, δρυός δρύε, λιός λῖε. Τὰ εἰς 'α' λήγοντα δυϊκὰ ἀπὸ μὲν ὀξυτόνων ὀξύνονται, ἀπὸ δὲ περισπωμένων περισπῶνται. τοῦ μὲν πρώτου αἰχμητής αἰχμητά, λογιστής λογιστά· τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμᾶ, Ἀπελλῆς Ἀπελλᾶ. ἀπὸ δὲ βαρυτόνων πρὸ μιᾶς ἔχουσι τὸν τόνον, κἂν ἡ εὐθεῖα προπαροξύνηται, διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ 'α'. τὸ γὰρ ἐν δυϊκοῖς 'α' μακρόν ἐστιν, ὁ Αἰνείας τὼ Αἰνεία, ἡ Μήδεια τὰ Μηδεία. Τὰ εἰς 'ω' λήγοντα δυϊκὰ ἢ ὀξύνεται ἢ βαρύνεται, ἀπέστραπται δὲ τὴν περισπωμένην, ἔνθεν καὶ τὸ τώδε δυϊκὸν οὐ προπερισπᾶται, ἀλλὰ
Comparatives in -ων, when they are of more than two syllables, are accented with a proparoxytone in the vocative, e.g. ὁ βελτίων, ὦ βέλτιον; ὁ ἀμείνων, ὦ ἄμεινον; ὁ γλυκίων, ὦ γλύκιον; ὁ ἀρείων, ὦ ἄρειον. {1On the accent of the dual nominative.}1 Every dual nominative ends in -α or in -ε or in -ω.—Those ending in -ε have the accent of the accusative in -α, when it is attested: Αἴαντα, Αἴαντε; Πάριδα, Πάριδε; ἄνδρα, ἄνδρε; γυναῖκα, γυναῖκε. Hence again, from τινά, τινέ is accented with an acute: «ξείνω δή τινε» (Od. δ 26), but the interrogative is again accented with a grave. But when the accusative in -α is not attested, then the dual has the same accent as the genitive in -ος: ταχέος, ταχέε; πήχεος, πήχεε. The two εε are contracted into η by the Athenians. ἐγὼ δέ τοι πεπόνηκα κομιδῇ τὼ σκέλη (Aristoph. Pac. 820). οὐκ ἐμοῦ κινοῦντος αὐτὼ τὼ σκέλη χορεύετον (Arist. Pac. 325). καὶ πρὸς γε τούτοις ἥκετον πρεσβῆ δύο (Arist. fr. 495 Dind.). It is necessary to add an exception for oxytone genitives, for in these the nominative does not have the same accent: μυός, μύε; συός, σύε; δρυός, δρύε; λιός, λῖε. Duals ending in -α are accented with an acute when derived from oxytones, but with a circumflex when derived from perispomena: of the first type, αἰχμητής, αἰχμητά; λογιστής, λογιστά; of the second, Ἑρμῆς, Ἑρμᾶ; Ἀπελλῆς, Ἀπελλᾶ. But when derived from barytones they have the accent on the penult, even if the nominative is proparoxytone, because of the quantity of -α; for in duals the -α is long: ὁ Αἰνείας, τὼ Αἰνεία; ἡ Μήδεια, τὰ Μηδεία. Duals ending in -ω are either accented with an acute or with a grave, but they avoid the circumflex; hence also the dual τώδε is not accented with a proparoxytone circumflex, but…

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