καλός καλοῦ καλῶν, ψυχή ψυχῆς ψυχῶν, λουτρόν λουτροῦ λουτρῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμοῦ Ἑρμῶν, χρυσοῦς χρυσοῦ χρυσῶν. εἰ δὲ περιττοσυλλάβως, ἐντελεῖς μὲν οὖσαι παροξύνονται, εὐσεβής εὐσεβέος εὐσεβέων, Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλέος Ἡρακλέων· συνῃρημέναι δὲ περισπῶνται, εὐσεβοῦς εὐσεβῶν, εὐγενοῦς εὐγενῶν, Ἡρακλοῦς Ἡρακλῶν. Αἱ δὲ εἰς 'οι' λήγουσαι πληθυντικαὶ εὐθεῖαι βαρύτονοι βαρύνουσι καὶ τὰς ἰδίας γενικάς, φίλοι φίλων, ἥμεροι ἡμέρων· αἱ δὲ ὀξύτονοι ἢ περισπώμεναι περισπῶνται, καλοί καλῶν, σοφοί σοφῶν, χρυσοῖ χρυσῶν, χαλκοῖ χαλκῶν. Αἱ δὲ εἰς 'αι' εὐθεῖαι πληθυντικαὶ μονογενεῖς περισπῶσι τὰς ἰδίας γενικάς, Μήδειαι Μηδειῶν, Αἰνεῖαι Αἰνειῶν. σεσημείωνται βαρυνόμενα τέσσαρα, χλοῦναι χλούνων, ἐτησίαι ἐτησίων, ἀφύαι ἀφύων, χρῆσται χρήστων διὰ τὸ μὴ συμπεσεῖν τῷ χρηστός χρηστοί χρηστῶν. τὸ ἀφύαι πάλιν βαρέως, ἵνα μὴ συνεμπέσῃ τῷ ἀφυεῖς τῶν ἀφυῶν. Αἱ εἰς 'αι' λήγουσαι εὐθεῖαι θηλυκαὶ πληθυντικαὶ παρεσχηματισμέναι ἀρσενικοῖς, εἰ μὲν ἔχοιεν τὴν πληθυντικὴν ὁμόφωνον τῇ τοῦ ἀρσενικοῦ γενικῇ, πάντως καὶ ὁμότονον ἔχουσιν· ὡς γὰρ οἱ φίλοι τῶν φίλων, οὕτως καὶ αἱ φίλαι τῶν φίλων, καὶ ὡς οἱ καλοί τῶν καλῶν περισπᾶται, οὕτως καὶ αἱ καλαί τῶν καλῶν περισπᾶται. εἰ μέντοι μὴ ὁμοφωνοῖεν αἱ γενικαί, πάντως τὸ θηλυκὸν περισπᾶται, οἱ τάλανες τῶν ταλάνων βαρυτόνως, αἱ τάλαιναι τῶν ταλαινῶν περισπωμένως. καὶ ταχέες μέντοι ταχέων βαρυτόνως, ταχεῖαι δὲ ταχειῶν περισπωμένως. τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπὶ μετοχῶν, οἱ τυπτόμενοι τῶν τυπτομένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τυπτόμεναι τῶν τυπτομένων βαρυτόνως. ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ποιοῦντες καὶ ποιοῦσαι οὐκέτι· ποιούντων μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἀρσενικὸν βαρυτόνως, ποιοῦσαι δὲ ποιουσῶν περισπωμένως. —ὅτε δὲ κατὰ διάλεκτον ἡ γενικὴ τροπὴν ὑπομένει τοῦ 'ων' εἰς 'αν', περισπᾶται, κυανεᾶν, ἀμφοτερᾶν. —ἐντεῦθεν τὸ Ῥοδίαι καὶ Σαμίαι καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, εἰ μὲν ἐθνικὰ εἴη, συμβαρύνει ταῖς ἀρσενικαῖς τὰς γενικάς· εἰ δὲ κύρια—ἐνδέχεται γὰρ Ῥοδίαν τινὰ καλεῖσθαι καὶ Σαμίαν—τότε περισπῶσι τὰς γενικάς, Ῥοδιῶν καὶ Σαμιῶν. διὰ τοῦτο ἡμέραι μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ χρόνου ἡμερῶν, ἥμεραι δὲ ἡμέρων ἐπιθετικῶς βαρυτόνως, ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ ἥμεροι τῶν ἡμέρων. τὸ πόρναι πορνῶν καὶ πέτραι πετρῶν καὶ χῶραι χωρῶν, βάκχαι βακχῶν, ὄχθαι ὀχθῶν, χῆραι χηρῶν, κοῦραι κουρῶν, παιδίσκαι
καλός καλοῦ καλῶν, ψυχή ψυχῆς ψυχῶν, λουτρόν λουτροῦ λουτρῶν, but also Ἑρμῆς Ἑρμοῦ Ἑρμῶν, χρυσοῦς χρυσοῦ χρυσῶν. But if with an extra syllable, when they are full forms they are accented with an acute on the penult, εὐσεβής εὐσεβέος εὐσεβέων, Ἡρακλῆς Ἡρακλέος Ἡρακλέων; but when contracted they take a circumflex, εὐσεβοῦς εὐσεβῶν, εὐγενοῦς εὐγενῶν, Ἡρακλοῦς Ἡρακλῶν. The nominative plurals ending in -οι that are barytone make their own genitives barytone as well, φίλοι φίλων, ἥμεροι ἡμέρων; but those that are oxytone or perispomenon take a circumflex, καλοί καλῶν, σοφοί σοφῶν, χρυσοῖ χρυσῶν, χαλκοῖ χαλκῶν. The nominative plurals in -αι that are of one gender put a circumflex on their own genitives, Μήδειαι Μηδειῶν, Αἰνεῖαι Αἰνειῶν. Four forms are noted as being accented with a grave, χλοῦναι χλούνων, ἐτησίαι ἐτησίων, ἀφύαι ἀφύων, χρῆσται χρήστων, because they must not coincide with χρηστός χρηστοί χρηστῶν. Again ἀφύαι is accented with a grave, so that it may not coincide with ἀφυεῖς of the ἀφυῶν. The feminine nominative plurals in -αι, formed after masculine patterns: if they have the plural homophonous with the masculine genitive, they necessarily have it also with the same accent; for just as οἱ φίλοι has τῶν φίλων, so also αἱ φίλαι has τῶν φίλων, and just as οἱ καλοί has τῶν καλῶν with a circumflex, so also αἱ καλαί has τῶν καλῶν with a circumflex. But if the genitives are not homophonous, the feminine necessarily takes a circumflex: οἱ τάλανες has τῶν ταλάνων barytone, but αἱ τάλαιναι has τῶν ταλαινῶν with a circumflex. And likewise ταχέες has ταχέων barytone, but ταχεῖαι has ταχειῶν with a circumflex. The same also with participles: οἱ τυπτόμενοι has τῶν τυπτομένων, but also τυπτόμεναι has τῶν τυπτομένων barytone. But with ποιοῦντες and ποιοῦσαι it is no longer so: for ποιούντων, the masculine is barytone, but ποιοῦσαι has ποιουσῶν with a circumflex. —But whenever in a dialect the genitive undergoes a change from -ων to -αν, it takes a circumflex, κυανεᾶν, ἀμφοτερᾶν. —Hence Ῥοδίαι and Σαμίαι and the like: if they are ethnics, they make their genitives barytone along with the masculines; but if they are proper names—for it is possible for someone to be called Ῥοδία and Σαμία—then they put a circumflex on the genitives, Ῥοδιῶν and Σαμιῶν. For this reason ἡμέραι in the sense of ‘days’ has ἡμερῶν, but ἥμεραι as an adjective has ἡμέρων barytone, since also οἱ ἥμεροι has τῶν ἡμέρων. τὸ πόρναι πορνῶν and πέτραι πετρῶν and χῶραι χωρῶν, βάκχαι βακχῶν, ὄχθαι ὀχθῶν, χῆραι χηρῶν, κοῦραι κουρῶν, παιδίσκαι