Discussion of accent and syllable-count alternations in Greek genitive plurals and related forms (παῖς, πᾶσι, δαΐδων, λᾶες, κρᾶτες), rules when endings in -ος vs consonants cause barytone vs perispomenon, and metrical implications.
ἐντελεστέρου τοῦ πάϊς γέγονεν, ὡς μὴ εἶναι φύσει δισύλλαβον. ἔτι ἐστὶ πάντες πάντων, οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἅπαντος, ὥς τινές φασιν, ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ 'α' γέγονεν· ἐπεὶ ἔδει καὶ τὸ παντός καὶ παντί βαρύνεσθαι, ἐκ τοῦ ἅπαντος ἅπαντι ἀφῃρημένα· ἀλλ´ ὅτι μετοχῆς εἴληφεν ἀναλογίαν, ὡς ἐν τῷ περὶ μετοχῶν δέδεικται, ᾧ λόγῳ καὶ τὸ πᾶσι βεβαρυτόνηται, ὡς στᾶσι δοῦσιν. ἔτι δᾷδες δᾴδων· δαΐδες δαΐδων γὰρ τρισυλλάβως τὸ ἐντελές. ἔτι λᾶες λάων. τὸ γὰρ ἐντελὲς ἀπὸ τοῦ λᾶας λάαες λαάων πάλιν τρισύλλαβον. ἔνατόν ἐστι τὸ κρᾶτες κράτων «κράτων τυπτομένων» (Od. χ 309, ω 184) ἴσως ἀπὸ τοῦ κράατες κραάτων ἐντελεστέρου. Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ ἕτερα· σέες σέων ἐπὶ τῶν σκωλήκων ὡς παρ´ Ἀριστοφάνει «ὑπὸ τῶν σέων καταπονούμενον» (Lys. 730) καὶ φῴδων, ὡς παρ´ Ἀριστοφάνει «πλὴν φῴδων ἐκ βαλανείου» (Plut. 535), οὐδένων, Φθάντων τῷ λόγῳ τῶν μετοχῶν ὡς στάντες στάντων, βάντες βάντων, δόντες δόντων. Φασὶ δέ τινες ἀπολογούμενοι περὶ ὅλων τῶν σεσημειωμένων, ὅτι τὰ εἰς 'ς' λήγοντα μονοσύλλαβα κατὰ τὴν γενικὴν περιττοσύλλαβα τὰ μὲν ὀξύτονα, ἐὰν διὰ συμφώνων κλίνωνται, περισπῶνται κατὰ τὴν γενικὴν πληθυντικήν, σής σητός σῆτες σητῶν, Κρής Κρητός Κρῆτες Κρητῶν. ἐὰν δὲ διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ 'ος' κλιθῶσι, βαρύνονται κατὰ τὴν γενικὴν πληθυντικήν, Τρώς Τρωός Τρῶες Τρώων, δμώς δμωός δμῶες δμώων. τὸ δὲ τίνων εἰς διαφορὰν τῶν τινῶν καὶ τὸ κράτων τῶν κεφαλῶν εἰς διαφορὰν τῶν κρατῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ κράτος ἡ ἀρχή. τὸ δὲ φῴδων καὶ δᾴδων ἀπὸ τῶν φωΐδων καὶ δαΐδων. τὰ δὲ περισπώμενα ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου γίνεται· ἐὰν μὲν διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ 'ος' κλίνωνται, περισπῶσι τὰς γενικὰς πληθυντικάς, μῦς μυός μύες μυῶν, βοῦς βοός βοῶν, δρύες δρυῶν, σύες συῶν. ἐὰν δὲ διὰ συμφώνου, βαρύνονται, παῖς παιδός παῖδες παίδων, πάντες πάντων· τὸ δὲ λάων ἐβαρύνθη εἰς διαφορὰν τῶν λαῶν. ἀλλὰ κακῶς λέγουσιν οἱ οὕτως ἀπολογησάμενοι πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν σεσημειωμένων πλέκουσι τὸν κανόνα, δεύτερον δὲ ὅτι ἀντίκειται τούτοις τὸ κίς κιός καὶ λίς λιός· ταῦτα γὰρ ὀξύνονται κατὰ τὴν εὐθεῖαν τῶν ἑνικῶν καὶ διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ 'ος' κλίνονται καὶ ὅμως οὐ βαρύνονται ἐν τῇ γενικῇ τῶν πληθυντικῶν, ἀλλὰ περισπῶνται. κιῶν γὰρ καὶ λιῶν περισπωμένως.
It has become more complete than παῖς, so as not to be by nature disyllabic. Further, there is πάντες πάντων, not because it has arisen from ἅπαντος, as some say, by subtraction of the ‘α’; since then παντός and παντί too ought to be barytone, as having been reduced from ἅπαντος ἅπαντι; but because it has taken on the analogy of a participle, as has been shown in the treatise On Participles, for which reason also πᾶσι is barytone, like στᾶσι δοῦσιν. Further, δᾷδες δᾴδων; for the complete form is δαΐδες δαΐδων, trisyllabic. Further, λᾶες λάων; for the complete form, from λᾶας λάαες λαάων, is again trisyllabic. Ninth is κρᾶτες κράτων, “κράτων τυπτομένων” (Od. χ 309, ω 184), perhaps from the more complete κράατες κραάτων. Apart from these there are also others: σέες σέων of worms, as in Aristophanes, “ὑπὸ τῶν σέων καταπονούμενον” (Lys. 730), and φῴδων, as in Aristophanes, “πλὴν φῴδων ἐκ βαλανείου” (Plut. 535), and οὐδένων, Φθάντων—these following the rule of participles, as στάντες στάντων, βάντες βάντων, δόντες δόντων. But some, in defending all the marked forms, say that monosyllables ending in ‘ς’, being odd-syllabled in the genitive, if oxytone and declined through consonants, are circumflexed in the genitive plural: σής σητός σῆτες σητῶν, Κρής Κρητός Κρῆτες Κρητῶν. But if they are declined through the pure ‘ος’, they are barytone in the genitive plural: Τρώς Τρωός Τρῶες Τρώων, δμώς δμωός δμῶες δμώων. And τίνων, in contrast to τινῶν, and κράτων ‘of heads’, in contrast to κρατῶν from κράτος, have this as their origin. And φῴδων and δᾴδων come from φωΐδων and δαΐδων. But the circumflexed forms arise from the opposite: if they are declined through the pure ‘ος’, they circumflex the genitive plurals: μῦς μυός μύες μυῶν, βοῦς βοός βοῶν, δρύες δρυῶν, σύες συῶν. But if through a consonant, they are barytone: παῖς παιδός παῖδες παίδων, πάντες πάντων; and λάων was barytoned in contrast to λαῶν. But those who have defended it thus speak badly, first because they weave the rule from the marked forms, and second because κίς κιός and λίς λιός stand opposed to these; for these are oxytone in the nominative singular and are declined through the pure ‘ος’, and yet they are not barytone in the genitive plural, but are circumflexed—κιῶν and λιῶν with circumflex.