Discussion of Greek name endings (-αξ, -εξ, -οξ, -ιξ) and their weight/ethnic status, with examples (Ἄσφαξ/Ἄτραξ, Ἀλλόβροξ, Φοῖνιξ, Καππᾶδοξ, Κίλιξ) and regional notes (Cyprus, Thessaly, Cappadocia, Cilicia).
ἀποσφάξ, διασφάξ, βλεφαροσπάξ καὶ φιτροβαστάξ καὶ νεκροβαστάξ. τὸ δὲ Ἄσφαξ βαρύνεται ὡς ἐθνικόν. μή τις δὲ Ἄσφαξ τὸ ἔθνος καὶ τὸ Ἄτραξ τὸ κύριον σύνθετον οἰηθείη. ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστιν. καὶ τὸ μὲν Ἄσφαξ ἐστὶν ἔθνος ἐποικίσαν τὴν Κύπρον. ὁ δὲ Ἄτραξ Πηνειοῦ καὶ Βούρας παῖς, ἀφ´ οὗ πόλις Θεσσαλίας κτισθεῖσα ἐκλήθη Ἄτραξ καὶ Ἀτρακία. καὶ τὸ ἐθνικὸν Ἄτραξ ὁμοφωνεῖ τῇ πόλει. Λυκόφρων (v. 1309) «καὶ δευτέρους ἔπεμψαν Ἄτρακας λύκους». Τὰ εἰς 'εξ' ὀνόματα βαρύνεται, Λέλεξ, Βέρεξ ἔθνος μεταξὺ Ἰνδίας καὶ Αἰθιοπίας ὡς Τιμοκράτης ὁ Ἀδραμυττηνός, ἐπίτεξ, ἀγχίτεξ, πινυτάλεξ καὶ εἴ τι ὅμοιον. Τὰ εἰς 'οξ' ὀνόματα βαρύνονται· σπάνια δέ εἰσιν· Ἀλλόβροξ, ἔθνος Γαλατικόν· Πολύβιος δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'ι' αὐτοὺς καλεῖ Ἀλλόβριγας καὶ ὡσαύτως δὲ οἱ πλείους, Ἀπολλόδωρος δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'υ' Ἀλλόβρυγας, Χάραξ δὲ διὰ τοῦ 'ο' Ἀλλόβρογας. ἴσοξ ποιός τις ἰχθῦς, ἄλοξ, παρὰ δέ τισιν αὖλαξ, πρὸς τούτοις δὲ καὶ τὸ Καππάδοξ ἔθνος τῇ Κιλικίᾳ πρόσχωρον. τοῦτο δὲ λέγεται καὶ Καππάδοκος—οὕτως καὶ ὁ κτιστὴς εἴρηται ὑπὸ Μενάνδρου—καὶ Καππαδόκης. Ἡρόδοτος δέ φησιν (I 72). Τὰ εἰς 'ιξ' βαρύνεται· φοῖνιξ· ἔστι δὲ καὶ κύριον Φοῖνιξ Ἀγήνορος παῖς ἢ Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Λιβύης, ᾧ ὁμοφωνεῖ τὸ ἐθνικόν. ἔστι καὶ φρούριον Καρίας οὐ πολὺ ἀπέχον Ῥόδου. καὶ ποταμός ἐστι Φοῖνιξ. βέμβιξ, Τέμμιξ ἔθνος πρῶτον οἰκῆσαν ἐν Βοιωτίᾳ. Λυκόφρων «Ἄρνης παλαιᾶς γέννα, Τεμμίκων πρόμοι» (v. 644), πέμφιξ, τέττιξ, σκάνδιξ λάχανόν τι ποιόν, πέρδιξ, χοῖνιξ, Κίλιξ τὸ κύριον καὶ τὸ ἐθνικόν, Αἶθιξ ἔθνος. ἐν Θετταλίᾳ δ´ ᾤκουν ἐν τῷ Πίνδῳ ὄρει· Μαρσύας δὲ μέσον τῆς Τυμφαίας καὶ Ἀθαμανίας κεῖσθαί φησι τὴν χώραν. Ἕρνιξ ἔθνος Λατίνων. Διονύσιος ὀγδόῳ τῆς Ῥωμαϊκῆς ἀρχαιολογίας.
ἀποσφάξ, διασφάξ, βλεφαροσπάξ and φιτροβαστάξ and νεκροβαστάξ. But Ἄσφαξ is accented with a barytone, as an ethnic name. Let no one suppose that Ἄσφαξ, the people, and Ἄτραξ, the proper name, are compounds: for they are simple. For Ἄσφαξ is a people that settled Cyprus. And Ἄτραξ is the son of Peneius and Bura, from whom a city of Thessaly, when founded, was called Ἄτραξ and Ἀτρακία; and the ethnic Ἄτραξ is homophonous with the city. Lycophron (v. 1309): «and they sent forth as second wolves Ἄτρακες». Nouns in -εξ are accented with a barytone: Λέλεξ, Βέρεξ, a people between India and Ethiopia, as Timocrates of Adramyttium says; ἐπίτεξ, ἀγχίτεξ, πινυτάλεξ, and anything similar. Nouns in -οξ are accented with a barytone; but they are rare: Ἀλλόβροξ, a Gallic people; but Polybius calls them with ι, Ἀλλόβριγας, and likewise most writers, while Apollodorus with υ, Ἀλλόβρυγας, and Charax with ο, Ἀλλόβρογας. ἴσοξ, a certain kind of fish; ἄλοξ, and among some αὖλαξ; and besides these also Καππάδοξ, a people bordering on Cilicia. This is also said as Καππάδοκος—thus too the founder is spoken of by Menander—and as Καππαδόκης. Herodotus says (I 72). Forms in -ιξ are accented with a barytone: φοῖνιξ; and there is also the proper name Φοῖνιξ, son of Agenor or of Poseidon and Libya, with which the ethnic name is homophonous. There is also a fort of Caria not far from Rhodes; and there is a river Φοῖνιξ. βέμβιξ; Τέμμιξ, a people who first dwelt in Boeotia. Lycophron: «offspring of ancient Ἄρνη, leaders of the Τεμμῖκες» (v. 644); πέμφιξ, τέττιξ, σκάνδιξ, a certain kind of vegetable; πέρδιξ, χοῖνιξ; Κίλιξ, both the proper name and the ethnic; Αἶθιξ, a people. In Thessaly they dwelt on Mount Pindus; but Marsyas says that their country lies between Tymphaea and Athamania. Ἕρνιξ, a people of the Latins. Dionysius, in the eighth book of the Roman Antiquities.