Greek discussion of plural accentuation and vowel quantities; examples of plural forms and accent shifts, rules for verbs ending in -ω and -μι; Attic forms and accent patterns; pronounciation/tonic variations in plurals and accusatives.
οἱ βελτίους τοὺς βελτίους, οἱ ἰχθῦς περισπωμένως καὶ τοὺς ἰχθῦς, ὁμοίως αἱ κλιτῦς τὰς κλιτῦς, οἱ βασιλῆς τοὺς βασιλῆς οἷον «τούς τε διστάρχας ὤλεσας βασιλῆς» παρὰ τῷ Σοφοκλεῖ (Ai. 390). Αἱ εἰς 'ας' λήγουσαι, συνεσταλμένον ἔχουσαι τὸ 'α', ὁμότονοί εἰσι ταῖς πληθυντικαῖς εὐθείαις, Αἴαντες Αἴαντας, Πάριδες Πάριδας, ταχέες ταχέας, αἱ ἐκτεταμένον ἔχουσαι τὸ 'α' ἀπὸ μὲν βαρυτόνων πρὸ μιᾶς ἔχουσι τὸν τόνον, Μήδειαι Μηδείας, τάλαιναι ταλαίνας· ἀπὸ δὲ ὀξυτόνων ὀξύνονται, καλαί καλάς, ταφαί ταφάς. ἀπὸ δὲ περισπωμένων περισπῶνται, διπλαῖ διπλᾶς, συκαῖ συκᾶς, γαλαῖ γαλᾶς· μακρὸν δὲ ἔχουσι τὸ 'α' ὅσαι εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'αι' εὐθειῶν, ὡς αἱ προκείμεναι· βραχὺ δὲ αἱ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'ες', ὧν πάλιν κεῖται τὰ ὑποδείγματα. Αἱ εἰς 'ους' αἰτιατικαὶ πάλιν ταῖς εὐθείαις ἀκολουθοῦσι κατὰ τὸν εἰρημένον κανόνα, φίλοι φίλους, καλοί καλούς ὀξυτόνως καὶ ἀργυροῖ ἀργυροῦς περισπωμένως. Τὰ Ἀττικὰ ὁμοτονοῦσι ταῖς εὐθείαις τῶν πληθυντικῶν οἷον οἱ εὔγεῳ τοὺς εὔγεως, οἱ Μενέλεῳ τοὺς Μενέλεως, οἱ νεῴ τοὺς νεώς, οἱ λεῴ τοὺς λεώς. Τὸ Ἐρετριέας Ἐρετριᾶς καὶ ἁλιέας ἁλιᾶς κατὰ συναίρεσιν περισπῶνται παρ´ Ἀθηναίοις. {1Τὰ περὶ τόνου τῶν κατὰ θέμα ἀριθμῶν ἐκλέλοιπεν.}1 {1ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΙΣ 'ω' ΚΑΙ ΕΙΣ 'μι' ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΠΑΝ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ ιϛʹ.}1 Πᾶν ῥῆμα βαρύνεται ἢ περισπᾶται· γράφω, τύπτω, ποιῶ, βοῶ. ὀξύνεται δὲ οὐδέποτε κατὰ τὴν κοινὴν συνήθειαν, εἰ μὴ παρὰ Δωριεῦσι τὰ συνῃρημένα ἀπαρέμφατα εἰς 'ειν' ἀφαιρέσει τοῦ 'ι', ποιέν ἀντὶ τοῦ ποιεῖν, δασμοφορέν ἀντὶ τοῦ δασμοφορεῖν. σεσημείωται δέ τινα ῥήματα ὀξύτονα. ἐν μὲν προστακτικοῖς μονοσυλλάβως τὸ δός, θές, ἕς τὸ ἀπόλυσον, σχές, σπές, φρές, ἅπερ διὰ τὴν βραχυκαταληξίαν οὐδὲ
The better writers say τοὺς βελτίους, they say ἰχθῦς with a circumflex and also τοὺς ἰχθῦς; likewise αἱ κλιτῦς, τὰς κλιτῦς; οἱ βασιλῆς, τοὺς βασιλῆς, as in “τούς τε διστάρχας ὤλεσας βασιλῆς” in Sophocles (Ai. 390). Accusatives ending in -ας, when they have the α contracted, are of the same accent as the nominative plurals: Αἴαντες, Αἴαντας; Πάριδες, Πάριδας; ταχέες, ταχέας. Those that have the α lengthened, if derived from barytones, have the accent on the penult: Μήδειαι, Μηδείας; τάλαιναι, ταλαίνας; but if derived from oxytones, they are accented on the ultima: καλαί, καλάς; ταφαί, ταφάς; and if derived from circumflexed forms, they take a circumflex: διπλαῖ, διπλᾶς; συκαῖ, συκᾶς; γαλαῖ, γαλᾶς. The α is long in as many as come from nominatives in -αι, as in the examples given above; but short in those that come from nominatives in -ες, of which the examples have again been set down. Accusatives in -ους likewise follow the nominatives according to the rule stated: φίλοι, φίλους; καλοί, καλούς with an acute; and ἀργυροῖ, ἀργυροῦς with a circumflex. The Attic forms have the same accent as the nominatives of the plurals, e.g. οἱ εὔγεῳ, τοὺς εὔγεως; οἱ Μενέλεῳ, τοὺς Μενέλεως; οἱ νεῴ, τοὺς νεώς; οἱ λεῴ, τοὺς λεώς. Ἐρετριέας, Ἐρετριᾶς and ἁλιέας, ἁλιᾶς, by contraction, take a circumflex among the Athenians. {1The matters concerning the accent of the numerals formed from stems have been omitted.}1 {1ON THE VERBS IN -ω AND IN -μι IN EVERY PERSON. BOOK 16.}1 Every verb is either grave-accented or circumflexed: γράφω, τύπτω, ποιῶ, βοῶ. It is never accented with an acute according to common usage, except among the Dorians in the contracted infinitives in -ειν, by removal of the ι: ποιέν instead of ποιεῖν, δασμοφορέν instead of δασμοφορεῖν. Yet certain verbs have been noted as oxytone. In imperatives, in monosyllables, δός, θές, ἕς (for ἀπόλυσον), σχές, σπές, φρές, which, because of their short ending, not even…