phonological accent and vowel alternations in verbs and derivatives with -γω/-αγω and related alternations (βαρύνειν, παραληγείν), examples of compound forms and poetic accentuation
βαρύνεται, θήγω, λήγω, τμήγω. τὸ δὲ ἡγῶ, ἀφ´ οὗ τὸ ἡγοῦμαι, περισπᾶται, ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἀρχόμενον. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' ὑπερδισύλλαβα ἔχοντα ὀνόματα προκατάρχοντα σύνθετα διὰ τοῦ 'γος' παρηγμένα τῷ 'η' παραληγόμενα περισπᾶται, ποδηγός ποδηγῶ, φορτηγός φορτηγῶ, στρατηγός στρατηγῶ, κυνηγός κυνηγῶ. τὸ δὲ ἀρήγω οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρηγός, ἀλλ´ αὐτὸ ἀπ´ ἐκείνου. τὸ δὲ κεκλήγω, ᾧ ἀκόλουθος μετοχὴ ἡ κεκλήγων βαρυνομένη, ἔνθεν τὸ κεκλήγοντες (Μ 125), καὶ πεπλήγω, ἔνθεν τὸ «ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων» (Il. Ε 504) ποιητικῶς βαρύνονται ἀπὸ τῶν παρακειμένων γεγονότα. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' ὑπερδισύλλαβα τῷ 'α' παραληγόμενα περισπᾶται μὴ ὄντα σύνθετα παρὰ πρόθεσιν σμαραγῶ, πλαταγῶ, λαλαγῶ. καὶ καθόλου τὰ εἰς 'αγω' περισπᾶται, ἀγῶ «εὖτ´ ἂν τόδ´ ἀγᾷ χρέος ἀνδρός», τραγῶ. τὸ δὲ ἄγω βαρύνεται καὶ τὰ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ σύνθετα διάγω, ἀνάγω, κατάγω, παράγω, μετάγω, εἰσάγω, ἐνάγω, ἐξάγω, προσάγω, προάγω, συνάγω. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' μὴ παρώνυμα ἢ κατὰ παραγωγὴν γινόμενα ἀπὸ βαρυτόνου βαρύνονται, ὁπότε μὴ πρὸς διαστολὴν παραλαμβάνοιτο ἢ παραλήγοιτο τῷ 'η' ἢ τῷ 'α', ψέγω, φλέγω, λέγω, εἴργω, πνίγω, ἀμέλγω, ἀλέγω, ὀρέγω. πρόσκειται «μὴ παρώνυμα» διὰ τὸ τρύγη τρυγῶ, ἄλγος ἀλγῶ, σιγή σιγῶ, ῥῖγος ῥιγῶ. «μὴ ἀπὸ βαρυτόνου» δὲ «ῥήματος παραχθέντα» διὰ τὸ λέγω ἀλογῶ. «μὴ πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν» πρόσκειται διὰ τὸ ἄγω καὶ ἀγῶ τὸ καταπλήττομαι, ἐξ οὗ τὸ
They are accented with a grave: θήγω, λήγω, τμήγω. But ἡγῶ, from which comes ἡγοῦμαι, is circumflexed, since it begins with a vowel. The words in -γω that are more than disyllabic, having nouns as their first elements, compounds derived through -γος, with η in the penult, are circumflexed: ποδηγός ποδηγῶ, φορτηγός φορτηγῶ, στρατηγός στρατηγῶ, κυνηγός κυνηγῶ. But ἀρήγω is not from ἀρηγός; rather that is from it. And κεκλήγω, whose corresponding participle κεκλήγων is accented with a grave—hence κεκλήγοντες (Μ 125)—and πεπλήγω, whence «ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων» (Il. Ε 504), are poetically accented with a grave, having arisen from perfects. The words in -γω that are more than disyllabic, with α in the penult, are circumflexed when they are not compounds with a preposition: σμαραγῶ, πλαταγῶ, λαλαγῶ. And in general the words in -αγω are circumflexed: ἀγῶ, «εὖτ´ ἂν τόδ´ ἀγᾷ χρέος ἀνδρός», τραγῶ. But ἄγω is accented with a grave, and the compounds from it: διάγω, ἀνάγω, κατάγω, παράγω, μετάγω, εἰσάγω, ἐνάγω, ἐξάγω, προσάγω, προάγω, συνάγω. The words in -γω that are not denominatives or formed by derivation from a barytone are accented with a grave, whenever they are not taken for the sake of distinction, nor have η or α in the penult: ψέγω, φλέγω, λέγω, εἴργω, πνίγω, ἀμέλγω, ἀλέγω, ὀρέγω. The addition “not denominatives” is because of τρύγη τρυγῶ, ἄλγος ἀλγῶ, σιγή σιγῶ, ῥῖγος ῥιγῶ. And “not derived from a barytone” (but “derived from a verb”) is because of λέγω ἀλογῶ. “Not for the sake of contrast” is added because of ἄγω and ἀγῶ, ‘I am struck with amazement’, from which …