Discussion of accentuation, vowel length, and derivational relationships in verbs ending in -γω and -κω, with examples and exceptions.
ἄγημι ἄγαμαι. «ἢ εἰ μὴ παραλήγοιτο τῷ 'α' ἢ τῷ 'η'» διὰ τὸ σμαραγῶ καὶ ἡγῶ, ὅθεν τὸ ἡγοῦμαι. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' ἰαμβικά, εἰ μὲν ἔχοι πρὸ τοῦ τέλους τὸ 'ε', βαρύνεται, εἰ δὲ ἄλλο τι, περισπᾶται, φλέγω, λέγω, στέγω, οἷς ὅμοιον τὸ ἀλέγω, ὀρέγω. μογῶ δὲ καὶ στυγῶ καὶ τρυγῶ καὶ σφριγῶ μὴ τὸ 'ε' ἔχοντα περισπῶνται. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'γ' σύμφωνον βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα γένοιτο, εἴργω, στέργω, ἀμέλγω, σφίγγω, μίσγω, τέγγω. τὸ δὲ ἀλγῶ ἔχει τὸ ἄλγος καὶ τὸ ἀργῶ τὸ ἀργός καὶ τὸ γεωργῶ τὸ γεωργός καὶ κακουργῶ τὸ κακοῦργος. τὸ δὲ ἀμέργω οὐκ ἔχει· τὸ γὰρ ἀμόργη ἐκ τοῦ ἀμέργω γίνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' δισύλλαβα παραληγόμενα φύσει μακρᾷ ὅτε ἀπὸ συμφώνου ἄρχοιτο, βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα εἴη, τρώγω, σμώγω, φεύγω, τμήγω, λήγω, θήγω. τὸ μέντοι ῥιγῶ ἔχει τὸ ῥῖγος. τὸ δὲ λωγῶ οὐ γνήσιον ἔχει τὸ 'ω', ἀλλὰ ποιητικόν. Τὰ εἰς 'γω' ὑπερδισύλλαβα μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα σύνθετα, εἰ παραλήγοιτο φύσει μακρᾷ, βαρύνεται ἐπείγω, ἀρήγω, ἐρεύγω, ἀνώγω. τὸ δὲ παιδαγωγῶ ἔχει τὸ παιδαγωγός. Τὰ εἰς 'κω' δισύλλαβα ἔχοντα τὸ 'ε' ἐν τῇ πρὸ τέλους συλλαβῇ βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἄρχοιτο ἀπὸ τριῶν συμφώνων ἢ παρ´ ὄνομα εἴη, ῥέγκω, δέρκω, πλέκω, τέκω, πέκω τὸ ξηραίνω καὶ πείκω καὶ πέκτω, κρέκω, δέκω, ἕλκω, ἑλκήσω· τοῦτο δὲ ἀπὸ περισπωμένου τὸ ἑλκῶ. δείκω τὸ δεικνύω, εἴκω. τοιαῦτα καὶ τὰ ὑπερδισύλλαβα τῷ 'ε' παραληγόμενα ὀλέκω, ἐρείκω τὸ σχίζω, ἐνέκω. πρόσκειται «εἰ μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα εἴη» διὰ τὸ ἑλκόω ἑλκῶ ἕλκος καὶ πελεκῶ πέλεκυς καὶ «μὴ ἄρχοιτο ἀπὸ τριῶν συμφώνων» διὰ τὸ σπλεκῶ τὸ συνουσιάζω, ὅθεν τὸ διασπλεκῶ.
ἄγημι, ἄγαμαι. “unless it should have the penult with ‘α’ or with ‘η’,” because of σμαραγῶ and ἡγῶ, whence ἡγοῦμαι.
The iambic verbs in -γω: if they have ‘ε’ before the final syllable, they are barytone; but if something else, they are circumflexed: φλέγω, λέγω, στέγω, to which are similar ἀλέγω, ὀρέγω. But μογῶ and στυγῶ and τρυγῶ and σφριγῶ, not having ‘ε’, are circumflexed.
The verbs in -γω having a consonant before γ are barytone, unless they have arisen from a noun: εἴργω, στέργω, ἀμέλγω, σφίγγω, μίσγω, τέγγω. But ἀλγῶ has ἄλγος, and ἀργῶ has ἀργός, and γεωργῶ has γεωργός, and κακουργῶ has κακοῦργος. But ἀμέργω does not; for ἀμόργη is formed from ἀμέργω.
The disyllabic verbs in -γω with a penult long by nature, when they begin with a consonant, are barytone, unless they are from a noun: τρώγω, σμώγω, φεύγω, τμήγω, λήγω, θήγω. However ῥιγῶ has ῥῖγος. But λωγῶ does not have a genuine ‘ω’, but a poetic one.
The verbs in -γω of more than two syllables, compounds not derived from a noun: if they have the penult long by nature, they are barytone: ἐπείγω, ἀρήγω, ἐρεύγω, ἀνώγω. But παιδαγωγῶ has παιδαγωγός.
The disyllabic verbs in -κω having ‘ε’ in the syllable before the last are barytone, unless they begin with three consonants or are from a noun: ῥέγκω, δέρκω, πλέκω, τέκω, πέκω (“I dry”) and πείκω and πέκτω, κρέκω, δέκω, ἕλκω, ἑλκήσω; but this is from the circumflexed ἑλκῶ. δείκω (“I show”), εἴκω. Such too are the verbs of more than two syllables with penult ‘ε’: ὀλέκω, ἐρείκω (“I split”), ἐνέκω.
The clause “unless it is from a noun” is added because of ἑλκόω, ἑλκῶ, ἕλκος, and πελεκῶ, πέλεκυς; and “unless it begins with three consonants” because of σπλεκῶ (“I have intercourse”), whence διασπλεκῶ.