Discussion of Ancient Greek verbs in -ζω, focusing on accentuation (barytone vs. paroxytone), effects of preceding vowels/diphthongs (o, ω, οι, ει, η, υ), examples (ὄζω, σῴζω, δανείζω, κνυζῶ, etc.), Homeric citations and dialectal forms.
* Τὰ εἰς 'ζω' τὸ 'ο' παραληγόμενα τρία ἐστὶ καὶ βαρύνεται, ὄζω— τοῦτο δὲ ἐνίοτε καὶ περισπώμενον λέγεται, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὁ μέλλων ὀζέσω, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὀζήσω ὡς παρ´ Ἀριστοφάνει «λίθος τις ὤζησεν τεθυμιαμένος», ἁρμόζω, δεσπόζω. * Τὰ εἰς 'ζω' τῷ 'ω' ἢ τῇ 'ῳ' καὶ τῇ 'οι' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενα βαρύνεται, κρῴζω, οἰμώζω, πατρώζω, μητρώζω, χρῴζω, σῴζω, πλῴζω σὺν τῷ 'ι', εὕρηνται γὰρ ἐν διαιρέσει σωΐζω, πλωΐζω τρισυλλάβως, ἀθροίζω. τὸ δὲ ῥοιζῶ περισπᾶται, ὅτι ῥοῖζος. * Ἔτι τὰ τῇ 'ει' καὶ 'ῃ' διφθόγγῳ παραληγόμενα εἰς 'ζω' βαρύνεται, δανείζω, χρῄζω παρὰ τὸ χρέος χρεΐζω χρηΐζω καὶ χρῄζω, κλῄζω ἀπὸ τοῦ κλέος κλεΐζω καὶ κληΐζω καὶ κλῄζω, οὐ γέγονε δέ, ὡς ἡγοῦνται, κατὰ συγκοπὴν παρὰ τὸ καλήζω τὸ παρὰ Κυπρίοις λεγόμενον. τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ ἔχει τὸ 'ι'· ἔστι δὲ παρὰ Ἴωσι καλέω, παρὰ δ´ Αἰολεῦσι καλήω. * Τὰ εἰς 'ζω' ῥήματα παραληγόμενα 'υ' φιλεῖ πως βαρύνεσθαι οἷον τρύζω, γρύζω, κλύζω, ἀτύζω, ὀλοφύζω, ὃ πρωτότυπόν ἐστι τοῦ ὀλοφυδνόν, ὀτοτύζω, ὀλολύζω, σφύζω, γογγύζω, ἑρπύζω, ἑλκύζω, λαγαρύζω, ποππύζω, κελαρύζω, μασταρύζω, βαΰζω. εὑρέθη μέντοι τινὰ καὶ περισπώμενα, ὧν ἔσθ´ ὅτε καὶ προκατάρχει ὄνομα ὡς τὸ κορυζῶ καὶ φυζῶ, οὗ μέσος παρακείμενος ἐν τῷ «πεφυζότες ἠΰτε νεβροί» (Il. Χ 1) καὶ τὸ μυζῶ, ἐξ οὗ τὸ μεμυζότε μυδαλέω τε« παρ´ Ἀντιμάχῳ. Ὀφείλει μὲν τὰ εἰς 'ζω' περισπώμενα τῷ 'υ' παραληγόμενα τρίτης συζυγίας εἶναι· τὸ δὲ κνυζῶ ἐστι καὶ πρώτης καὶ δευτέρας συζυγίας, ὁ μέλλων κνυζήσω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ κνυζηθμός ὡς μυκηθμός. »κνυζηθμῷ δ´ ἑτέρωσε διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν« (Od. π 163). καὶ πάλιν Σοφοκλῆς Φρίξῳ (fr. 650 Nauck) »κυνηδὸν ἐξέπραξαν κνυζούμενον«. ἔστι καὶ τρίτης ὡς τὸ »κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε« (Od. ν 401). τὸ δὲ κνυζῶσαι ἀντὶ τοῦ διαφθεῖραι κεῖται. δι´ ὃ ἐπιφέρει Ὅμηρος τὸ »πάρος περικαλλέ´ ἐόντα«. καί τινες μὲν ἀπὸ κυνῶν κυνῶ καὶ κνυζῶ. ἀλλ´ ἔστιν ἀπίθανον καὶ δυσκατάστατον παριστᾶν ἐκ τῆς κατὰ κύνας
The items ending in -ζω with ο in the penult are three and are accented with a grave: ὄζω—this, however, is sometimes also said with a circumflex, whence also the future ὀζέσω, but also ὀζήσω, as in Aristophanes: «λίθος τις ὤζησεν τεθυμιαμένος»; ἁρμόζω; δεσπόζω.
The items ending in -ζω with ω or ῳ and with the diphthong οι in the penult are accented with a grave: κρῴζω, οἰμώζω, πατρῴζω, μητρῴζω, χρῴζω, σῴζω, πλῴζω with ι; for they are found in diaeresis as σωΐζω, πλωΐζω, trisyllabically; ἀθροίζω. But ῥοιζῶ has a circumflex, because of ῥοῖζος.
Further, the items ending in -ζω with the diphthongs ει and ῃ in the penult are accented with a grave: δανείζω; χρῄζω from χρέος—χρεΐζω, χρηΐζω, and χρῄζω; κλῄζω from κλέος—κλεΐζω and κληΐζω and κλῄζω. It has not come about, as some suppose, by syncope from καλήζω, the form said among the Cypriots; for that does not have ι. Among the Ionians it is καλέω, and among the Aeolians καλήω.
Verbs ending in -ζω with υ in the penult tend in some way to be accented with a grave, for example τρύζω, γρύζω, κλύζω, ἀτύζω, ὀλοφύζω, which is the primitive form of ὀλοφυδνόν, ὀτοτύζω, ὀλολύζω, σφύζω, γογγύζω, ἑρπύζω, ἑλκύζω, λαγαρύζω, ποππύζω, κελαρύζω, μασταρύζω, βαΰζω. Some, however, have been found with a circumflex, among which there is sometimes also a preceding noun, as κορυζῶ and φυζῶ, whose middle perfect stands in «πεφυζότες ἠΰτε νεβροί» (Il. Χ 1), and μυζῶ, from which comes μεμυζότε μυδαλέω τε in Antimachus.
The circumflexed verbs ending in -ζω with υ in the penult ought to belong to the third conjugation; but κνυζῶ belongs both to the first and to the second conjugation: the future is κνυζήσω, whence also κνυζηθμός, like μυκηθμός: «κνυζηθμῷ δ´ ἑτέρωσε διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν» (Od. π 163). And again Sophocles in Phrixus (fr. 650 Nauck): «κυνηδὸν ἐξέπραξαν κνυζούμενον». It is also of the third, as in «κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε» (Od. ν 401). But κνυζῶσαι is used in the sense of ‘to destroy’; wherefore Homer adds «πάρος περικαλλέ´ ἐόντα». And some derive κυνῶ and κνυζῶ from dogs; but it is implausible and hard to establish to derive it from the expression ‘in the manner of dogs’.