Discussion of Greek verb classes and endings (verbs in -σσω, -σω, -λλω, -λω), stem alternations, derivation from nouns, accent/metrical shifts and poetic present/future transformations with examples.
ὑπνώσσω, λιμώσσω, νεώσσω, καρδιώσσω, ἰκτερώσσω, λεύσσω, γλαύσσω τὸ φωτίζω. τὰ δὲ ἀπ´ ὀνομάτων περισπᾶται, θάλασσα θαλασσῶ, ἐλάσσων ἐλασσῶ, ἥσσων ἡσσῶ, κρείσσων κρεισσῶ, κισσός κισσῶ, λύσσα λυσσῶ. Τὰ εἰς 'σω' ἐπὶ ἐνεστῶτος, ὁπότε μὴ ἀπὸ μέλλοντος εἰς ἐνεστῶτα μετήχθη ποιητικῶς, περισπᾶται, ἰσῶ, νοσῶ, μασῶ, πεσῶ, ἐξ οὗ γίνεται ὁ μέλλων πεσήσω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ῥηματικὸν ὄνομα πέσημα καὶ ὁ ἀόριστος δεύτερος ἔπεσον ὥσπερ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ χραισμῶ ἔχραισμον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀλισθῶ ὤλισθον. τὸ δὲ οἴσω, οὗ τὸ προστακτικὸν «οἶσε θέειον γρηΰ» (χ 481), «οἴσετε πῦρ» (Il. Ο 718) καὶ δύσω, οὗ ὁ παρατατικὸς «ἐδύσετο» (β 388) καὶ βήσω κατὰ ποιητικὴν ἄδειαν μετηνέχθη ἀπὸ μέλλοντος εἰς ἐνεστῶτα. Τὰ εἰς 'λλω' βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ ὀνόματος εἴη, ψάλλω, βάλλω, θάλλω, σκάλλω, σφάλλω, στέλλω, τίλλω, ποικίλλω. τὸ δὲ κυλλῶ περισπᾶται, ὅτι κυλλός, καὶ τὸ μεταλλῶ, ὅτι μέταλλος, καὶ ἁμιλλῶ, ἐξ οὗ ἁμιλλῶμαι, ὅτι ἅμιλλα. Τὰ εἰς 'λω' παραληγόμενα τῇ 'ου' διφθόγγῳ σπάνιά εἰσι, βούλω, ὅθεν τὸ βούλομαι, βαρύνεται. τὸ δὲ οὐλῶ περισπᾶται, ὅτι οὐλή, καὶ τὸ δουλῶ, ὅτι δοῦλος. Τὰ εἰς 'λω' δισύλλαβα, εἰ ἔχοι τὴν πρὸ τέλους συλλαβὴν εἰς 'ε' καταλήγουσαν, βαρύνεται, ἀρχόμενα ἀπὸ συμφώνου μὴ μέσου, χωρὶς εἰ μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα εἴη, κέλω, πέλω, μέλω· τὸ δὲ μελήσω ὡς ἀπὸ περισπωμένου. θέλω. τὸ μέντοι ἐλῶ περισπᾶται, ὅτι ἀπὸ φωνήεντος ἤρξατο.
ὑπνώσσω, λιμώσσω, νεώσσω, καρδιώσσω, ἰκτερώσσω, λεύσσω, γλαύσσω: the verb φωτίζω. But the forms derived from nouns take the circumflex: θάλασσα → θαλασσῶ, ἐλάσσων → ἐλασσῶ, ἥσσων → ἡσσῶ, κρείσσων → κρεισσῶ, κισσός → κισσῶ, λύσσα → λυσσῶ. The verbs in -σω in the present, whenever they have not been transferred poetically from the future to the present, take the circumflex: ἰσῶ, νοσῶ, μασῶ, πεσῶ, from which the future πεσήσω is formed, and from which also come the verbal noun πέσημα and the second aorist ἔπεσον, just as from χραισμῶ comes ἔχραισμον and from ὀλισθῶ comes ὤλισθον. But οἴσω, whose imperative is «οἶσε θέειον γρηΰ» (χ 481), «οἴσετε πῦρ» (Il. Ο 718), and δύσω, whose imperfect is «ἐδύσετο» (β 388), and βήσω, have, by poetic license, been transferred from the future to the present. The verbs in -λλω are accented with the grave, unless they are from a noun: ψάλλω, βάλλω, θάλλω, σκάλλω, σφάλλω, στέλλω, τίλλω, ποικίλλω. But κυλλῶ takes the circumflex, because of κυλλός; and μεταλλῶ, because of μέταλλος; and ἁμιλλῶ, from which ἁμιλλῶμαι, because of ἅμιλλα. The verbs in -λω with the diphthong ου in the penult are rare; βούλω, whence βούλομαι, is accented with the grave. But οὐλῶ takes the circumflex, because of οὐλή, and δουλῶ, because of δοῦλος. Disyllabic verbs in -λω, if they have the syllable before the last ending in -ε, are accented with the grave, beginning with a consonant that is not a medial, unless they are from a noun: κέλω, πέλω, μέλω; but μελήσω is as from a circumflexed form. θέλω. However ἐλῶ takes the circumflex, because it began with a vowel.