Detailed rules on accentuation and stress patterns of Greek verbs in -ω, handling various diphthongs and endings (ιω, οι, υω, υι, ω, ξω, ψω) and examples of forms and exceptions.
κατὰ τὸν χρόνον, καὶ μηνιῶ, τὸ δὲ ἰῶ ἰῶμαι ἰός, κριῶ κριός, ἀνιῶ ἀνία. Τὰ εἰς 'ω' καθαρὸν παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ο' μόνῳ περισπᾶται, νοῶ, βοῶ, γοῶ, θροῶ, ποῶ, μακκοῶ τὸ μωραίνω, πτοῶ, λοῶ, κοῶ, ἀγνοῶ, ἀκροῶ, ἀλοῶ. αἱ μέντοι ἐντέλειαι τῶν περισπωμένων βαρύνονται, χρυσόω, στεφανόω, γυψόω. Τὰ εἰς 'ω' καθαρὸν παραληγόμενα τῇ 'οι' διφθόγγῳ περισπᾶται, εἰ μὴ διάστασις γένοιτο τοῦ 'ι', ποιῶ, οἰῶ τὸ μονῶ, ἀλοιῶ τὸ τύπτω, ἀλλοιῶ τὸ μεταποιῶ, πτοιῶ, χροιῶ, ὁμοιῶ, ἑτεροιῶ. τὸ δὲ οἴω, ὅθεν οἴομαι καὶ οἶμαι, διαιρεῖται, ὀΐω γὰρ ποιητικῶς. ὁ δὲ οἴω ἐνεστὼς τοῦ οἴσω μέλλοντος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν χρήσει. Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'υω' δισύλλαβα βαρύνεται καὶ περισπᾶται. περισπᾶται μέν, ὅσα ἔχει ὄνομα ἢ κατ´ ἐναλλαγὴν γέγονε, δυῶ, θυῶ τὸ θυμιῶ, ὅτι θύος, μυῶ καὶ μύω βαρύτονον, κυῶ Ἀττικὸν ἐκ τοῦ κύω. τὰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως ἔχοντα βαρύνεται, δύω, ἐξ οὗ δύνω, θύω, ἐξ οὗ θύνω, λύω, μύω, κύω, ξύω, ὕω, βρύω, πτύω, ῥύω. Ἔτι τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'υω' ὑπερδισύλλαβα βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἔχοι ὄνομα, ἀλύω, ἀρτύω, πληθύω, κωλύω, ζευγνύω, ὀμνύω, ὀρνύω, σβεννύω, ἀνύω, μηνύω, ἀρύω, ζωννύω, χρωννύω, ῥωννύω, χωννύω, στρωννύω. τὸ δὲ ἰχθυῶ ἔχει τὸ ἰχθῦς, καὶ τὸ ἐγγυῶ τὸ ἐγγύη καὶ τὸ βοτρυῶ τὸ βότρυς. Τὰ εἰς 'ω' καθαρὸν παραληγόμενον τῇ 'υι' βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ παρ´ ὄνομα εἴη, ἀλυίω, ὀπυίω, μεθυίω. τὸ δὲ γυιῶ περισπᾶται. Τὰ εἰς 'ω' καθαρὸν παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ω' βαρύνεται, ζώω, πλώω, σώω, χώω, τρώω, ῥώω, ἁλώω, ἡβώω. χωρὶς τοῦ κολῳῶ, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ κολῳός γέγονε, καὶ ἔχει 'ι' προσγεγραμμένον, ὡς Φιλόξενος. Τὰ εἰς 'ξω' καὶ 'ψω' περισπᾶται, διψῶ, γυψῶ, κενοδοξῶ, φιλοδοξῶ, ἀδοξῶ, αὐξῶ, ἀλεξῶ, ἑψῶ. τὸ γὰρ αὔξω καὶ ἀλέξω καὶ ἕψω Ἀττικῶς βαρύνεται. τὸ δὲ ἵξω, οὗ ὁ παρατατικὸς ἷξον «οἱ δ´ ἷξον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα» (Od. δ 1) καὶ τὸ ἄξω, οὗ τὸ προστακτικὸν «ἄξετε δὲ Πριάμοιο βίην» (Γ 105) καὶ τὸ ὄψω καὶ ὄψομαι, οὗ
According to the tense: and μηνιῶ; but ἰῶ, ἰῶμαι, ἰός; κριῶ, κριός; ἀνιῶ, ἀνία. Verbs in -ω with a pure penult are circumflexed with ο alone: νοῶ, βοῶ, γοῶ, θροῶ, ποῶ, μακκοῶ (“I make foolish”), πτοῶ, λοῶ, κοῶ, ἀγνοῶ, ἀκροῶ, ἀλοῶ. The full forms, however, of the circumflexed verbs are accented with an acute: χρυσόω, στεφανόω, γυψόω. Verbs in -ω with a pure penult are circumflexed with the diphthong οι, unless there is a separation of the ι: ποιῶ, οἰῶ (“I am alone”), ἀλοιῶ (“I thresh”), ἀλλοιῶ (“I transform”), πτοιῶ, χροιῶ, ὁμοιῶ, ἑτεροιῶ. But οἴω, whence οἴομαι and οἶμαι, is divided: for poetically one has ὀΐω. The present οἴω of the future οἴσω is not in use. Disyllables in -υω are accented with an acute and with a circumflex. They are circumflexed, on the one hand, when they have a noun or have arisen by alternation: δυῶ, θυῶ (“I burn incense”), because of θύος; μυῶ—and μύω with acute accent; κυῶ, Attic, from κύω. But those not so constituted are accented with an acute: δύω, whence δύνω; θύω, whence θύνω; λύω, μύω, κύω, ξύω, ὕω, βρύω, πτύω, ῥύω. Further, polysyllables in -υω are accented with an acute, unless they have a noun: ἀλύω, ἀρτύω, πληθύω, κωλύω, ζευγνύω, ὀμνύω, ὀρνύω, σβεννύω, ἀνύω, μηνύω, ἀρύω, ζωννύω, χρωννύω, ῥωννύω, χωννύω, στρωννύω. But ἰχθυῶ has ἰχθῦς, and ἐγγυῶ has ἐγγύη, and βοτρυῶ has βότρυς. Verbs in -ω with a pure penult with υι are accented with an acute, unless they are derived from a noun: ἀλυίω, ὀπυίω, μεθυίω; but γυιῶ is circumflexed. Verbs in -ω with a pure penult with ω are accented with an acute: ζώω, πλώω, σώω, χώω, τρώω, ῥώω, ἁλώω, ἡβώω—except κολῳῶ, which has arisen from κολῳός and has an iota subscript, as Philoxenus says. Verbs in -ξω and -ψω are circumflexed: διψῶ, γυψῶ, κενοδοξῶ, φιλοδοξῶ, ἀδοξῶ, αὐξῶ, ἀλεξῶ, ἑψῶ; for αὔξω and ἀλέξω and ἕψω are accented with an acute in Attic. But ἵξω, whose imperfect is ἷξον, “οἱ δ´ ἷξον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα” (Od. δ 1), and ἄξω, whose imperative is “ἄξετε δὲ Πριάμοιο βίην” (Γ 105), and ὄψω and ὄψομαι, whose …