ὁ δὲ δῆμος πληθυντικῶς λέγεται, ἑνικῶς δὲ τὰ τοπικὰ ἐν Πήληκι εἰς Πήληκα. Τὰ εἰς 'ηξ' σύνθετα παρὰ ῥῆμα ὀξύνεται, εἰ ἐπιθετικὰ εἴη, βουπλήξ, κωμοπλήξ, κυματοπλήξ καὶ κυμοπλήξ, μεθυπλήξ, οἰστροπλήξ, παραπλήξ, λαοπλήξ, ἀκανθοπλήξ, βουπλήξ, μολυβδοτήξ, ὅ τινες βαρύνουσι παραλόγως. τὸ ὕσπληξ καὶ ἀντίπηξ βαρύνεται, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπιθετικά. τὸ δὲ χηναλώπηξ καὶ αὐτὸ βαρύνεται ὡς τὸ χαμαισκώληξ, λεοντομύρμηξ. Τὰ εἰς 'ωξ' ὀξύνεται, ὅσα μίαν συλλαβὴν ἔχει ἐπὶ τέλους ἐν τῇ συνθέσει, ἀρρώξ, ἀπορρώξ, κυαμοτρώξ, γραμματοτρώξ, θυλακοτρώξ, ἀπτώξ, πολυπτώξ, κυμορρώξ· τὸ δὲ θηροδίωξ, αἰγοδίωξ βαρύνεται ὡς δύο φυλάξαντα συλλαβὰς ἐν τῇ συνθέσει. * Μόνον εἰς 'αιξ' δισύλλαβον τὸ γύναιξ. τοῦτο δὲ πλαγίαν μὲν ἔχει, εὐθεῖαν δὲ οὔ. τὰ γὰρ εἰς 'αιξ' λήγοντα ἢ ἀρσενικοῦ μόνου γένους εἰσὶν οἷον Θρᾷξ καὶ ἐὰν ὦσι θηλυκοῦ γένους, πάντως καὶ ἀρσενικοῦ εἰσιν οἷον ὁ Γραίξ καὶ ἡ Γραίξ, ὁ αἴξ καὶ ἡ αἴξ. ἐπειδὴ οὖν καὶ τὸ γύναιξ οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀρσενικοῦ γένους εἶναι, ἡ γὰρ σημασία κωλύει, τούτου χάριν ἡ γύναιξ εὐθεῖα ἐπιλέλοιπεν, ᾗ συνεπιλείπεται καὶ ἡ ἐντελὴς κλητική. τὸ γὰρ γύναι, καθὰ καὶ τὸ «Ζεῦ ἄνα» (Γ 351) λείπεται διπλοῦ τοῦ κατ´ ἀναλογίαν. ἐν δὲ τῇ συνθέσει, ἐπειδὴ γίνεται ἀρσενικοῦ γένους, ἀναδέχεται τὴν εἰς 'αιξ' κατάληξιν οἷον «ὡς ὢν ἄπαις τε κἀγύναιξ κἀνέστιος» παρὰ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν Ἀθάμαντι (fr. 4 Nauck). βαρύνεται δέ. {1Περὶ τῶν ληγόντων εἰς 'ρ'.}1 Τὰ εἰς 'αρ' ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν εἴτε ἀρσενικὰ εἴτε θηλυκὰ βαρύνεται, μάκαρ, δάμαρ, Ἄραρ τις λέγεται ποταμός, ὡς παρ´ Ἐρατοσθένει, καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἔχον οὕτως
The word δῆμος is used in the plural, but in the singular the local forms are ἐν Πήληκι, εἰς Πήληκα. Compounds in -ηξ derived from a verb are accented on the last syllable if they are adjectival: βουπλήξ, κωμοπλήξ, κυματοπλήξ and κυμοπλήξ, μεθυπλήξ, οἰστροπλήξ, παραπλήξ, λαοπλήξ, ἀκανθοπλήξ, βουπλήξ, μολυβδοτήξ—though some people, contrary to rule, accent these with a grave. ὕσπληξ and ἀντίπηξ are accented with a grave because they are not adjectival. χηναλώπηξ too is accented with a grave, like χαμαισκώληξ, λεοντομύρμηξ. Words in -ωξ are accented on the last syllable, insofar as in the compound they have a single syllable at the end: ἀρρώξ, ἀπορρώξ, κυαμοτρώξ, γραμματοτρώξ, θυλακοτρώξ, ἀπτώξ, πολυπτώξ, κυμορρώξ; but θηροδίωξ and αἰγοδίωξ are accented with a grave, as having preserved two syllables in the compound.
Only in -αιξ is there a disyllable, γύναιξ. This has an oblique case, but no nominative. For words ending in -αιξ are either of masculine gender only, as Θρᾷξ; and if they are of feminine gender, they are in any case also masculine, as ὁ Γραῖξ and ἡ Γραῖξ, ὁ αἴξ and ἡ αἴξ. Since, then, γύναιξ could not also be of masculine gender—for its meaning prevents it—for this reason the nominative ἡ γύναιξ has dropped out, and along with it the full vocative. For γύναι, just as «Ζεῦ ἄνα» (Γ 351), is lacking one of the two forms that would exist according to analogy. But in composition, since it becomes of masculine gender, it admits the ending -αιξ, as in «ὡς ὢν ἄπαις τε κἀγύναιξ κἀνέστιος» in Sophocles’ Athamas (fr. 4 Nauck). It is accented with a grave.
{1On words ending in ρ.}1 Words in -αρ of more than one syllable, whether masculine or feminine, are accented with a grave: μάκαρ, δάμαρ. Ἄραρ is said to be a river, as in Eratosthenes, and there is an epigram that runs thus: