Prosodia Catholica (Herodian)

Passage 1.462
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1.462
Accentuation and syllable-length rules for present, aorist, imperfect, optative, and perfect forms of verbs ending in -μι and -μην; distinctions between proparoxytone and perispomenon and patterns by person/endings.
Ζήτησιν δὲ ἔχουσι τὰ τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος χρόνου τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'μι', πότε προπαροξύνονται καὶ πότε προπερισπῶνται; καὶ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὅτι, εἰ μὲν ἔχωσι τὸ ἐνεργητικὸν ὁριστικὸν ἐν χρήσει, προπερισπῶνται, τίθημι ἐὰν τιθῶμαι, ἵστημι ἐὰν ἱστῶμαι, δίδωμι ἐὰν διδῶμαι. εἰ δὲ μὴ ἔχωσι τὸ ἐνεργητικὸν ἐν χρήσει, προπαροξύνεται, δύναμαι ἐὰν δύνωμαι (τὸ γὰρ δύνημι οὐκ ἐν χρήσει), ἐπίσταμαι ἐὰν ἐπίστωμαι, κρέμαμαι ἐὰν κρέμωμαι. Τὰ δεύτερα τῶν εἰς 'μην' παρῳχημένων βαρύνεται, ὁπότε βραχυκαταληκτεῖ. καὶ προπαροξύνονται μὲν κατὰ τὸ δεύτερον πρόσωπον ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς ὑπάρχον, ἐτίθεσο, ἐδίδοσο, ἐπεποίησο, ἔκεισο. τὸ δὲ ἧσο προπερισπᾶται ὡς δισύλλαβον. εἰ δὲ μακρᾷ λήγουσιν, ἀορίστου μὲν ὄντα παροξύνονται, ἐγράψω, ἐποιήσω, ἐγένου, ἐλάβου· παρατατικοῦ δὲ ὄντα ἀπὸ βαρυτόνων θεμάτων βαρύνονται, ἐλεγόμην ἐλέγου, ἐκρεμάμην ἐκρέμω. εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ περισπωμένων ῥημάτων, περισπῶνται, ἐποιούμην ἐποιοῦ, ἐνικώμην ἐνικῶ, ἐκρεμώμην ἐκρεμῶ. Τῶν εἰς 'μην' εὐκτικῶν τὰ δεύτερα πρόσωπα εἰς 'ο' καταλήγουσι καὶ ἢ προπαροξύνονται ἢ προπερισπῶνται. προπερισπῶνται μὲν τὰ δισύλλαβα, σχοίμην σχοῖο, δοίμην δοῖο. ἔτι καὶ ὧν τὰ ἐνεργητικὰ εἰς 'μι' λήγουσι, νοοίμην νοοῖο, ποιοίμην ποιοῖο, βιῴμην βιῷο. Ὁμοίως δέ ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅσα ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'μι' ὁριστικῶν εἰσι καὶ ἔχουσι τὰ εὐκτικὰ ἐνεργητικὰ εἰς 'ην' καθαρόν, προπερισπῶνται, τίθημι τιθείμην τιθεῖο, τιθείην γὰρ τὸ εὐκτικὸν ἐνεργητικόν. τὸ δὲ δυναίμην δύναιο προπαροξύτονον διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν δύνημι ἐν χρήσει οὔτε δυναίην εὐκτικόν. προπερισπῶνται δὲ καὶ τὰ τοῦ παρακειμένου, δεδοίμην δεδοῖο, πεποιῄμην πεποιῇο, μεμνῄμην μεμνῇο, μεμνῴμην μεμνῷο. τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ πάντα δεύτερα πρόσωπα εἰς 'ο' λήγοντα προπαροξύνονται, τυπτοίμην τύπτοιο, λεγοίμην λέγοιο, τετυψοίμην τετύψοιο· οὕτω καὶ μεμνεῴμην μεμνέῳο.
The forms of the present tense derived from those in -μι raise a question: when are they accented with a proparoxytone and when with a properispomenon? And one may say that, if they have the active indicative in use, they are properispomena: τίθημι if τιθῶμαι, ἵστημι if ἱστῶμαι, δίδωμι if διδῶμαι. But if they do not have the active in use, they are proparoxytone: δύναμαι if δύνωμαι (for δύνημι is not in use), ἐπίσταμαι if ἐπίστωμαι, κρέμαμαι if κρέμωμαι. The second persons of the past tenses in -μην are barytone whenever they have a short final syllable; and they are proparoxytone in the second person when they are more than two syllables: ἐτίθεσο, ἐδίδοσο, ἐπεποίησο, ἔκεισο. But ἧσο is properispomenon as being disyllabic. If, however, they end in a long vowel, then, being aorist, they are oxytone: ἐγράψω, ἐποιήσω, ἐγένου, ἐλάβου; but, being imperfect and from barytone stems, they are barytone: ἐλεγόμην ἐλέγου, ἐκρεμάμην ἐκρέμω. But if from perispomenon verbs, they are perispomena: ἐποιοῦμην ἐποιοῦ, ἐνικώμην ἐνικῶ, ἐκρεμώμην ἐκρεμῶ. Of the optatives in -μην, the second persons end in -ο and are either proparoxytone or properispomenon. The disyllables are properispomena: σχοίμην σχοῖο, δοίμην δοῖο; and likewise those whose active forms end in -μι: νοοίμην νοοῖο, ποιοίμην ποιοῖο, βιῴμην βιῷο. Similarly one may say that, as many as are from the indicatives in -μι and have the active optatives in pure -ην, are properispomena: τίθημι τιθείμην τιθεῖο (for the active optative is τιθείην). But δυναίμην δύναίο is proparoxytone because δύνημι is not in use, nor is there an optative δυναίην. The perfect forms too are properispomena: δεδοίμην δεδοῖο, πεποιῄμην πεποιῇο, μεμνῄμην μεμνῇο, μεμνῴμην μεμνῷο. But all the remaining second persons ending in -ο are proparoxytone: τυπτοίμην τύπτοιο, λεγοίμην λέγοιο, τετυψοίμην τετύψοιο; so too μεμνεῴμην μεμνέῳο.

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