Prosodia Catholica (Herodian)

Passage 1.463
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1.463
Greek discussion of third-person imperative forms in -το and -θι, accentuation rules, syllable length and prosodic shifts
Τὰ εἰς 'το' τρίτα τῶν εὐκτικῶν ὁμοτονεῖ τοῖς οἰκείοις δευτέροις. νοοῖο νοοῖτο, τύπτοιο τύπτοιτο, μεμνῇο μεμνῇτο ὡς παρ´ Ἀριστοφάνει ἐν Πλούτῳ δευτέρῳ «ἵνα τοὐμὸν ἱμάτιον φορῶν μεμνῇτό μου», μεμνῷο μεμνῷτο παρὰ Ξενοφῶντι ἐν Κύρου παιδείας πρώτῳ ( 6, 3) «ἀλλ´ ὅτε τὰ ἄριστα πράττοι, τότε μάλιστα τὸν θεὸν μεμνῷτο». μεμνέῳο μεμνέῳτο, «ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμου» (Ψ 361) Τὰ εἰς 'το' τρίτα τῶν ὁριστικῶν ὑπερδισύλλαβα ὄντα τότε προπερισπῶνται, ὅτε τὰ ἑαυτῶν δεύτερα περισπῶνται, ἐνοοῦ ἐνοεῖτο· ὅτε δὲ τὰ δεύτερα μὴ περισπᾶται, τὰ τρίτα προπαροξύνονται, ἐδέξω ἐδέξατο, ἐγένου ἐγένετο. ἧσο δὲ τὸ καθέζου καὶ ἧτο τὸ τρίτον καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ 'σ' ἧστο προπερισπῶνται. Πᾶν μονοσύλλαβον προστακτικὸν μακροκαταληκτούμενον περισπᾶται, θλᾶ, κλᾶ, ζῆ, τῆ ἀντὶ τοῦ δέξαι. βραχυκατάληκτον δὲ ὀξύνεται, σπές, σχές, ἕς, ἀφ´ οὗ τὸ ἄφες, δός, φρές τὸ φέρε. Τὰ εἰς 'θι' προστακτικὰ βαρύνονται, τύπηθι, δάρηθι, τύφθηθι καὶ τύφθητι, βῆθι, στῆθι, ἴσθι τὸ γίνωσκε. τὸ φαθί ὀξύτονον σεσημείωται. τοῦτο δὲ ὀξύνουσιν, ἐπεὶ πᾶν ῥῆμα τῶν εἰς 'μι' τροπῇ τοῦ 'μ' εἰς 'θ' συστέλλον τὴν παραλήγουσαν εἰς τὴν τοῦ πρώτου προσώπου τῶν πληθυντικῶν μετὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τόνου προστακτικὸν ποιεῖ, τίθημι τίθετι, ἵστημι ἵσταθι καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὀξύνεται τὸ φημί, ὀξύνεται καὶ τὸ φαθί. ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ συγκατατίθεμαι τοῖς ὀξυτονοῦσι, οὐδὲν γὰρ προστακτικὸν εἰς 'θι' λῆγον ὀξύνεται. παραλόγως δὲ ὀξύνεσθαι ἐπεκράτησεν.
The third persons in -το of the optatives have the same accent as their own second persons: νοοῖο νοοῖτο, τύπτοιο τύπτοιτο, μεμνῇο μεμνῇτο, as in Aristophanes in the second book of the Plutus: «ἵνα τοὐμὸν ἱμάτιον φορῶν μεμνῇτό μου»; μεμνῷο μεμνῷτο in Xenophon in the first book of the Cyropaedia (6, 3): «ἀλλ´ ὅτε τὰ ἄριστα πράττοι, τότε μάλιστα τὸν θεὸν μεμνῷτο». μεμνέῳο μεμνέῳτο, «ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμου» (Ψ 361). The third persons in -το of the indicatives, when they are hyperdisyllabic, are then circumflexed on the antepenult, when their own second persons are circumflexed: ἐνοοῦ ἐνοεῖτο; but when the second persons are not circumflexed, the third persons are accented on the preantepenult: ἐδέξω ἐδέξατο, ἐγένου ἐγένετο. And ἧσο is the same as καθέζου, and ἧτο is the third person; and with the addition of σ, ἧστο, they are circumflexed on the antepenult. Every monosyllabic imperative with a long ending is circumflexed: θλᾶ, κλᾶ, ζῆ, τῆ in place of δέξαι. But one with a short ending is accented with an acute: σπές, σχές, ἕς, whence ἄφες, δός, φρές for φέρε. The imperatives in -θι are barytone: τύπηθι, δάρηθι, τύφθηθι and τύφθητι, βῆθι, στῆθι, ἴσθι for γίνωσκε. φαθί is noted as oxytone. And they accent it thus because every verb of the -μι class, by changing μ to θ and contracting the penult to that of the first person plural, makes an imperative with the same accent: τίθημι τίθετι, ἵστημι ἵσταθι; and since φημί is oxytone, φαθί too is oxytone. But I do not agree with those who accent it oxytone, for no imperative ending in -θι is accented oxytone; yet it has prevailed to be accented oxytone contrary to rule.

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