Discussion of Aeolic accent raising, infinitival -thai forms' accent tendencies, and accent rules for compound verbs (proparoxytonic vs. paroxytonic outcomes).
τὸ ἐγρήγορθαι οἷον «ἐγρήγορθαι ἄνωχθι» (Κ 67), ὅτι παρακειμένου ὂν προπαροξύνεται· περὶ οὗ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Αἰολίδος ἐστὶ διαλέκτου καὶ τούτου χάριν ἀνεβίβασε τὸν τόνον· οἱ γὰρ Αἰολεῖς ἀναβιβαστικοὶ τῶν τόνων εἰσί. τὸ γὰρ Ἀτρεύς Ἄτρευς λέγουσι καὶ τὸ Πηλεύς Πήλευς. —πρόσκειται ἐν τῷ κανόνι ἁπλοῦν διὰ τὸ κατάκειται κατακεῖσθαι, κάθηται καθῆσθαι. * Ὅσα εἰς 'θαι' λήγει ἀπαρέμφατα μὴ κατ´ Αἰολίδα διάλεκτον, τρίτην ἀπὸ τέλους ἔχοντα τὴν ὀξεῖαν, φιλεῖ πρὸ τοῦ τέλους βραχύνεσθαι, λέγεσθαι, τίθεσθαι, ἵστασθαι, κίχρασθαι, πίμπρασθαι. ὅσα δὲ πρὸ τέλους ἔχει φύσει μακράν, περισπᾶσθαι θέλει, νικᾶσθαι, φιλεῖσθαι. τὰ γὰρ τοιαῦτα δίζησθαι, φίλησθαι ὑποφαίνει Αἰολικὸν χαρακτῆρα. ὅθεν οἱ ἀξιοῦντες ἐκτείνειν τὸ δεύτερον 'α' ἐν τῷ εὐχετάασθαι, πάντως μὲν περισπῶσιν· εἰ δὲ δεδώκασι τρίτην ἀπὸ τέλους τὴν ὀξεῖαν, δώσουσι καὶ τὴν παραλήγουσαν βραχυνομένην· οὕτως οὖν πάντα ταῦτα ἀναγνωστέον, δεδάασθαι (Od. π 316), μηχανάασθαι (Od. γ 213), αἰτιάασθαι (Il. Κ 210), ἑδριάασθαι (Od. γ 35), μνάασθαι (Od. α 39). {1ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΩΝ ΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΕΤΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΜΕΤΟΧΩΝ. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ ιζ.}1 Πᾶν ῥῆμα ὀξύτονον ἐν τῇ συνθέσει ἀναδίδωσι τὸν τόνον· καὶ εἰ μὲν δισύλλαβον εἴη τὸ ἁπλοῦν, τὸ σύνθετον προπαροξύνεται, φημί σύμφημι, ἔστι σύνεστι, εὑρέ ἔφευρε, τὸ γὰρ ἐφεῦρε ἐκ τοῦ εὗρε βαρυτόνου ἐγένετο, εἰπέ κάτειπε. εἰ δὲ μονοσύλλαβον εἴη τὸ ἁπλοῦν, τὸ σύνθετον παροξύνεται δός ἀπόδος, θές ἐπίθες, ἕς πρόες σημαῖνον τὸ ἄφες, σχές ἐπίσχες, σπές ἐνίσπες «σὺ δ´ ἀληθὲς ἐνίσπες» (Od. γ 247), τὸ δὲ «ὥς μοι καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες» (Ω 388) ἐστιν ὁριστικὸν ἐκ τοῦ ἤνισπες τὴν ἀρχὴν συστείλαντος. τὸ μέντοι ἄνευ τοῦ 'σ'
The ἐγρήγορθαι, as in “ἐγρήγορθαι ἄνωχθι” (Κ 67), is accented on the antepenult because, though it is a perfect, it is proparoxytone; about which one may say that it belongs to the Aeolic dialect, and for this reason it has raised the accent; for the Aeolians are raisers of accents. For they say Ἄτρευς for Ἀτρεύς and Πήλευς for Πηλεύς. —In the rule the word “simple” is added because of κατὰκειται/κατακεῖσθαι, κάθηται/καθῆσθαι.
All infinitives ending in -θαι, not according to the Aeolic dialect, having the acute on the third syllable from the end, are wont to have the syllable before the end shortened: λέγεσθαι, τίθεσθαι, ἵστασθαι, κίχρασθαι, πίμπρασθαι. But those which have a naturally long syllable before the end wish to be circumflexed: νικᾶσθαι, φιλεῖσθαι. For such forms—δίζησθαι, φίλησθαι—betray an Aeolic character. Hence those who think the second α in εὐχετάασθαι should be lengthened will in any case circumflex it; but if they have given the acute to the third syllable from the end, they will also make the penult short. Thus, then, all these must be read: δεδάασθαι (Od. π 316), μηχανάασθαι (Od. γ 213), αἰτιάασθαι (Il. Κ 210), ἑδριάασθαι (Od. γ 35), μνάασθαι (Od. α 39).
{ON COMPOUND VERBS AND ALSO ON PARTICIPLES. BOOK 17.} Every oxytone verb in composition raises the accent; and if the simple form is disyllabic, the compound is proparoxytone: φημί, σύμφημι; ἔστι, σύνεστι; εὑρέ, ἔφευρε (for ἐφεῦρε came from εὗρε, which is barytone); εἰπέ, κάτειπε. But if the simple form is monosyllabic, the compound is paroxytone: δός, ἀπόδος; θές, ἐπίθες; ἕς, πρόες, meaning ἄφες; σχές, ἐπίσχες; σπές, ἐνίσπες, “σὺ δ’ ἀληθὲς ἐνίσπες” (Od. γ 247). But “ὥς μοι καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες” (Ω 388) is an indicative, from ἤνισπες, with the beginning contracted. But that without the ‘σ’ …