Discussion of Greek prepositions and their accentuation/anastrophe: lists ten orthotonous prepositions (ἀνά, διά, ἀμφί, ἀντί, σύν, ἔξ, εἰς, ἐν, πρός, πρό) and eight that are proclitic/enclitic or reversible (κατά, μετά, παρά, περί, ἀπό, ἐπί, ὑπό, ὑπέρ), with rules about syllable counts, added ι, and examples showing when prepositions undergo anastrophe or not.
διὰ δὲ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν ἐγένετο, ὅτι ἡ ὑπέρ πάλιν ὠξύνθη καὶ ταῦτα μηδεμιᾶς λέξεως εἰς 'ερ' ληγούσης μετὰ βραχείας καὶ ὀξυνομένης. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν αὐτάρ σύνδεσμον τῷ λόγῳ τῶν συμπλεκτικῶν πάλιν ὠξύνομεν, ἐπειδὴ πᾶς σύνδεσμος συμπλεκτικὸς ὀξύνεται χωρὶς τοῦ ἤτοι. Εἰσὶ δὲ προθέσεις δέκα καὶ ὀκτώ. τούτων αἱ μὲν ὀρθοτονούμεναι δέκα, ἀνά, διά, ἀμφί, ἀντί, σύν, ἐξ, εἰς, ἐν, πρός, πρό. ἐγκλινόμεναι δὲ καὶ ἀναστρεφόμεναι ὀκτώ, κατά, μετά, παρά, περί, ἀπό, ἐπί, ὑπό, ὑπέρ. Καθόλου δὲ αἱ ἀναστρεφόμεναι δισύλλαβοί τε εἶναι θέλουσι καὶ δίχρονοι· ὅθεν τριχρονοῦσαι ἡ ἀντί καὶ ἀμφί οὐκ ἀναστρέφονται, οὐδὲ αἱ τῷ 'ι' πλεονάζουσαι, καταί, παραί, ὑπαί, ὑπείρ. σημειούμεθα τὴν διά χώραν ἔχουσαν ἀναστροφῆς καὶ μὴ ἀναστρεφομένην διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Δία »Δία δ´ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος« (Β 2) συνέμπτωσιν καὶ τὴν ἀνά μὴ ἀναστρεφομένην, ἵνα μὴ σημαίνῃ τὸν ἄνακτα ὡς ἐν τῷ »Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικέ« (Π 233) ἢ τὸ ῥῆμα »ἀλλ´ ἄνα, εἰ μέμονάς γε« (Ι 247). ἡ δὲ ἐν πλεονάσασα τῷ 'ι' ἀνεστράφη »ᾧ ἔνι κούρη κοιμᾶτο« (ζ 15). καὶ τὰς μονοσυλλάβους δὲ ἐὰν ἐπὶ τέλει ὦσι στίχου, ἀναστρέφουσιν οἷον »ἐλθὼν δ´ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων Ἀρτέμιδι ξύν« (ο 410)· ῥώννυται γὰρ ὁ τόνος τῆς σύν προθέσεως, ἵνα νοῆται ἡ ἀναστροφή. τοιοῦτό ἐστι καὶ τὸ »οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται οὐδὲ κακῶν ἔξ« (Ξ 472).
For the same reason it came about that ὑπέρ was again accented on the acute, and this although no word ends in -ερ with a short vowel and is accented with an acute. And for this reason we also again accent the conjunction αὐτάρ with an acute, in accordance with the rule for copulative conjunctions, since every copulative conjunction is accented with an acute except ἤτοι. There are, moreover, eighteen prepositions. Of these, ten are orthotone: ἀνά, διά, ἀμφί, ἀντί, σύν, ἐξ, εἰς, ἐν, πρός, πρό. And eight are enclitic and capable of anastrophe: κατά, μετά, παρά, περί, ἀπό, ἐπί, ὑπό, ὑπέρ. In general, those that undergo anastrophe wish to be disyllabic and of two times; hence ἀντί and ἀμφί, being of three times, do not undergo anastrophe, nor do those with an added ι, καταί, παραί, ὑπαί, ὑπείρ. We note that διά, though having the possibility of anastrophe, does not undergo anastrophe because of the coincidence with Δία: »Δία δ´ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος« (Β 2); and likewise ἀνά does not undergo anastrophe, so that it may not signify ἄνακτα, as in »Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικέ« (Π 233), or the verb, »ἀλλ´ ἄνα, εἰ μέμονάς γε« (Ι 247). But ἐν, with an added ι, underwent anastrophe: »ᾧ ἔνι κούρη κοιμᾶτο« (ζ 15). And even the monosyllabic ones, if they are at the end of a verse, undergo anastrophe, as for example »ἐλθὼν δ´ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων Ἀρτέμιδι ξύν« (ο 410); for the accent of the preposition σύν is strengthened, so that the anastrophe may be understood. Such too is »οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται οὐδὲ κακῶν ἔξ« (Ξ 472).