Masculine nouns in -ωρ and -ειρ with examples (personal names, ethnics, rivers) and discussion of accent and declension
Τὰ εἰς 'ωρ' πάντα βαρύνονται, ῥήτωρ, κλήτωρ, ἵστωρ, Ἕκτωρ, πέλωρ, ἐξ οὗ ὁ πελώριος, κέλωρ, σημαίνει δὲ τὸν υἱὸν παρὰ τὸ κελεύεσθαι, ἄκτωρ, Σπέρχωρ, ἄχωρ τὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς πιτύρισμα, ἀνάκτωρ, Ἀννίχωρ ὁ οἰκῶν Ἀννίχωρον, οὗ μέμνηται Ἀλκμάν, πλησίον Περσῶν. λέγονται δὲ οἱ Ἀννίχωρες καὶ Ἀννίχωροι, Κάστωρ, Θέστωρ, Νέστωρ, μήστωρ καὶ Μήστωρ. φράτωρ, ὃ καὶ φράτηρ ἐλέγετο, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν φράτηρ ἀρχαῖον μετὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ κλίσεως, θάτερον δὲ νεώτερον, Μέντωρ κύριον καὶ ἔθνος πρὸς τοῖς Λιβυρνοῖς. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ. κωμήτωρ, οἰκήτωρ, παγκράτωρ, προπάτωρ, Νικάνωρ, ἠλέκτωρ ὁ ἥλιος, ταλάωρ τὸ τόξον. Χαλκήτωρ ὁ οἰκήτωρ Χαλκητορίου πόλεως Κρήτης. Κρατερὸς ἐν τῷ περὶ ψηφισμάτων, Ἀπολλόδωρος δὲ Χαλκητορεῖς αὐτούς φησι τετάρτῳ χρονικῶν «μεθ´ οὗ Χαρίδημος ἦν φυγὰς Χαλκητορεύς». ἀλάστωρ ὁ Ζεὺς ὁ ὑποπτεύων τοὺς ἄλαστα καὶ χαλεπὰ ποιοῦντας· ἢ ὁ ἀσεβὴς ἢ ὁ κακοποιός. σημειῶδες ἄρα τὸ ἰχώρ μόνον ὀξυνόμενον. τὸ δὲ αἴτιον, ὅτι τοῦτο μόνον διήλλαξε περὶ τὴν κλίσιν. τὰ γὰρ εἰς 'ωρ' ἀρσενικὰ δισύλλαβα μὴ ἔχοντα τὸ 'λ' διὰ τοῦ 'ο' κλίνονται οἷον Νέστορος Ἕκτορος· τὸ τοίνυν ἰχώρ μὴ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄλλοις κλιθὲν ἐνήλλαξε καὶ περὶ τὸν τόνον. Τὰ εἰς 'ειρ' ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν ἀσυνήθη μέν, τὰ δὲ εὑρεθέντα βαρύνεται, Βέχειρ ἔθνος Σκυθικόν, Σάπειρ ἢ μετὰ τοῦ 'σ' Σάσπειρ ἔθνος ἐν μεσογαίᾳ τῆς Ποντικῆς οἱ νῦν διὰ τοῦ 'β' λεγόμενοι Σάβειρες, Ἀλάζειρ, Λίγειρ ποταμὸς περὶ Γαλατίαν, Ἐλάτειρ ὁμοίως ὄνομα ποταμοῦ. ἑκατόγχειρ, ἀντίχειρ, χρυσοέθειρ παρ´ Ἀρχιλόχῳ ἐν
All words in -ωρ are barytone: ῥήτωρ, κλήτωρ, ἵστωρ, Ἕκτωρ, πέλωρ, from which πελώριος, κέλωρ (it means “son,” from being commanded), ἄκτωρ, Σπέρχωρ, ἄχωρ, the dandruff of the head, ἀνάκτωρ, Ἀννίχωρ, the inhabitant of Ἀννίχωρον, which Alcman mentions, near the Persians. The people are called both Ἀννίχωρες and Ἀννίχωροι; Κάστωρ, Θέστωρ, Νέστωρ, μήστωρ and Μήστωρ. φράτωρ, which was also said as φράτηρ; but φράτηρ is the ancient form with its own declension, whereas the other is the later form; Μέντωρ, a proper name, and also a people among the Liburnians—Hecataeus in his Europa. κωμήτωρ, οἰκήτωρ, παγκράτωρ, προπάτωρ, Νικάνωρ, ἠλέκτωρ, “the sun,” ταλάωρ, “the bow.” Χαλκήτωρ, the inhabitant of the city Χαλκητόριον in Crete. Craterus in his work On Decrees; but Apollodorus says that they themselves are Χαλκητορεῖς in the fourth book of his Chronica: “with whom Charidemus was an exile, a Χαλκητορεύς.” ἀλάστωρ: Zeus who keeps watch on those who do things unforgetting and grievous; or “the impious man” or “the evildoer.” Accordingly, only ἰχώρ is noteworthy as being oxytone. The reason is that this alone differs in its declension. For masculine disyllables in -ωρ that do not have λ are declined with ο, e.g. Νέστορος, Ἕκτορος; therefore ἰχώρ, since it was not declined like the others, also changed in respect of accent. Words in -ειρ of more than one syllable are uncommon, but those that are found are barytone: Βέχειρ, a Scythian people; Σάπειρ, or with σ, Σάσπειρ, a people in the inland of Pontus, now called with β Σάβειρες; Ἀλάζειρ; Λίγειρ, a river in Galatia; Ἐλάτειρ, likewise the name of a river. ἑκατόγχειρ, ἀντίχειρ, χρυσοέθειρ in Archilochus in …