Discusses accusative uses of πέραν/πέρῃ and formation/pronunciation shifts of πρῴην, and accentuation patterns (oxytone vs barytone, prepositional/dialectal effects) of adverbs and nouns with Homeric and Aristophanic examples.
Ἔστι δέ τινα καὶ παρ´ αἰτιατικῆς γεγονότα, οἷον τὸ πέραν καὶ πέρην «ἀλλ´ ὅσοι ναίουσι πέρην» (Β 535) καὶ μετὰ προθέσεως «ἀντιπέραν λεύσσουσα πυρὸς σέλας» καὶ ἀπὸ δοτικῆς «ἐπίσχες αὐτοῦ, μὴ πέρᾳ προβῇς λόγου» Κρατῖνος ἐν Εὐνείδαις. καὶ τὸ πρῴην δὲ παρ´ αἰτιατικὴν σχηματίζουσι—ἐκ τῆς πρό προθέσεως γέγονε προΐα, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἡ αἰτιατικὴ προΐαν καὶ ἐκτάσει τοῦ 'ο' εἰς 'ω' πρωΐαν καὶ Ἰωνικῶς πρωΐην καὶ κατὰ συναίρεσιν τοῦ 'ω' καὶ τοῦ 'ι' εἰς τὴν 'ω'| δίφθογγον πρῴην— «τῇδε πρῴαν» καὶ τὸ «ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ» (Il. Γ 95) καὶ «ἀκμήν τοι βρύα τῆμος ἐπὶ στήθεσσι κέχυνται». ὡς παρὰ ἀεικές ὄνομα ὀξύτονον ἐπίρρημα τὸ «οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης τεθνάμεν (Ο 496) καὶ τὸ »ἐπιεικὲς ὀπυιέμεν ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ (β 207) καὶ τὸ «ὗε δ´ ἄρα Ζεὺς συνεχές» (Μ 25) ἀτρεκές, διαμπερές, οὕτως ἔδει καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἀληθές ὄνομα τὸ ἐπίρρημα ὀξύνεσθαι. ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ´ Ἀθηναίοις διαστολῆς ἔτυχεν καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ ὀνόματος ὀξύνεται, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ ἐπιρρήματος βαρύνεται· «ἄληθες, ὦ παῖ τῆς ἀρουραίας θεᾶς;» Ἀριστοφάνης Βατράχοις ( 840) καὶ ἐν Νεφέλαις ( 840) «τί δ´ ἂν παρ´ ἐκείνων καὶ μάθοι χρηστός τις ἄν; ἄληθες; ὅσα περ ἔστ´ ἐν ἀνθρώποις σοφά». τοιοῦτό ἐστι καὶ τὸ ἐπιτηδές ὀξυνόμενον, ἐπιρρηματικῶς προπαροξυνόμενον. καὶ τὸ αὐτοετές ὁμοίως. καὶ τὸ χάριεν δὲ παρ´ αὐτοῖς προπαροξυνόμενον, ὅτε καὶ ἐπιρρηματικῶς λέγεται· ὄνομα δὲ ὂν παροξύνεται. καὶ τὸ σφόδρα βαρύνεται ἐπίρρημα ὄν, καὶ τὸ ἠρέμα παροξύνεται, ἐπίρρημα ὄν, δέον προπαροξύνεσθαι ὡς τὸ ἥσυχα, πλὴν εἰ μὴ παρὰ τὸ ἠρεμῶ γέγονεν ὡς ἀτρεμῶ ἀτρέμα, σιγῶ σῖγα, ἀντῶ ἄντα· τό τε ἡσυχῇ περισπᾶται παραλόγως, εἰ μὴ συνεξέδραμε τοῖς εἰς 'χῃ' ἐπιρρήμασι περισπωμένοις,
There are also some forms that have arisen from an accusative, such as πέραν and πέρην: “but as many as dwell beyond” (Β 535), and with a preposition, “looking beyond at the blaze of fire,” and from a dative: “hold back from it; do not go beyond the argument,” Cratinus in the Euneidai. And πρῴην too they form from an accusative: from the preposition πρό there arose προΐα, from which also the accusative προΐαν, and by lengthening of ο to ω, πρωΐαν, and in Ionic πρωΐην, and by contraction of ω and ι into the ω-diphthong, πρῴην—“here on the previous day”; and likewise “they became silent in stillness” (Il. Γ 95) and “even now for you the blood has just been poured upon your breast.” Since from the oxytone noun ἀεικές comes the oxytone adverb in “it is not unseemly for him, defending his fatherland, to die” (Ο 496), and in “it is fitting for each man to marry” (β 207), and in “then Zeus rained continuously” (Μ 25)—ἀτρεκές, διαμπερές—so too from the noun ἀληθές the adverb ought to be accented with an acute. But among the Athenians it has also received a distinction: in the noun it is accented with an acute, but in the adverb it is accented with a grave: “ἄληθες, child of the goddess of the ploughland?” Aristophanes in the Frogs (840), and in the Clouds (840): “and what could any decent man learn from them? ἄληθες? as many wise things as there are among men.” Such too is ἐπιτηδές: when it is a noun it is accented with an acute, but adverbially it is accented with a proparoxytone. And αὐτοετές likewise. And χάριεν too among them is proparoxytone when it is also used adverbially; but when it is a noun it is paroxytone. And σφόδρα, being an adverb, is accented with a grave; and ἠρέμα, being an adverb, is paroxytone, though it ought to be proparoxytone like ἥσυχα—unless indeed it has arisen from ἠρεμῶ, as ἀτρεμῶ gives ἀτρέμα, σιγῶ gives σῖγα, ἀντῶ gives ἄντα. And ἡσυχῇ is circumflexed contrary to rule, unless it has run together with the adverbs in -χῃ that are circumflexed.