Prosodia Catholica (Herodian)

Passage 1.491
← Index
1.491
Accentuation of adverbs and particles
τριχῇ, τετραχῇ, πενταχῇ. καὶ τὸ αὐθημερόν ὀξύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐθήμερος προπαροξυνομένου. ἔστι τινὰ σύνθετα ἀναβιβάζοντα τὸν τόνον ὡς τὸ παντάπασι, πάμπαν. τὰ παρὰ τὸ ἦμαρ συντιθέμενα φυλάττει τοῦ ἁπλοῦ τὸν τόνον, αὐτῆμαρ, ἐννῆμαρ, ἑξῆμαρ, ποσσῆμαρ. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐξ ὀνομάτων γενόμενα ἐπιρρήματα τοιαῦτά ἐστι. λοιπὸν καὶ περὶ τῶν θεματικῶν λεκτέον. Πᾶν μονοσύλλαβον ἐπίρρημα, εἰ μὲν ἔχει φύσει βραχεῖαν, δῆλον ὡς ὀξύνεται, πάξ, μάψ, λάξ, χθές, ἄψ, δάξ παρὰ τὸ δήκω, ὅπερ καὶ ὀδάξ λέγεται, μίξ, πύξ, πρίν, δίς, τρίς, ψό παρὰ τῷ Σοφοκλεῖ ἐν ποιμέσι μόνον εἰς 'ο' λῆγον ἐπίρρημα, καὶ εἴτι ὅμοιον. Τούτοις ὁμοίως ὀξύνεται καὶ τὰ ἐπιτατικὰ καὶ στερητικὰ μόρια, ζά, δά, δύς, νό, νέ, νή, ἐρί, ἀρί, ἃ οὐδέποτε καθ´ αὑτὰ λέγονται, ἀλλ´ ἐν συνθέσει. τῶν δὲ μακρὰν ἐχόντων φύσει τὰ μὲν περισπᾶται, τὰ δὲ ὀξύνεται. τὰ πυσματικὰ περισπᾶται, πῇ, ποῦ, πῶς. ταῦτα δὲ ἀοριστούμενα ἐγκλίνεται· οὔ πως ἐστ´ Ἀγέλαε« (χ 136), »ἀλλά που ἄλλῃ«, »οὐ γάρ πω τοιούτους ἴδον« (Α 262). τὸ δὲ πῶ συντασσόμενον τῇ οὐ ἀποφάσει καὶ τῇ μή ἀπαγορεύσει ὑπισχνεῖται τὸ μετὰ ταῦτα γίνεσθαι τὸ συντασσόμενον αὐτοῖς πρᾶγμα, οἷον οὔπω ἔφαγον, οὔπω ἐδείπνησα· μέλλων γάρ τις δειπνεῖν τοῦτο ἀποφαίνεται. τὸ γὰρ οὐ δειπνῶ ἀπόφασιν
In three ways, in four ways, in five ways. And αὐθημερόν is accented with an acute from αὐθήμερος, which is accented with an acute on the antepenult. There are certain compounds that raise the accent, such as παντάπασι, πάμπαν. Those compounded from ἦμαρ preserve the accent of the simple word: αὐτῆμαρ, ἐννῆμαρ, ἑξῆμαρ, ποσσῆμαρ. Such, then, are the adverbs formed from nouns. Next we must speak also about the thematic ones. Every monosyllabic adverb, if it has a short vowel by nature, is clearly accented with an acute: πάξ, μάψ, λάξ, χθές, ἄψ, δάξ from δήκω (which is also said as ὀδάξ), μίξ, πύξ, πρίν, δίς, τρίς, ψό in Sophocles—among shepherds only—an adverb ending in -ο, and anything similar. Likewise with these are accented with an acute also the intensive and privative particles: ζά, δά, δύς, νό, νέ, νή, ἐρί, ἀρί, which are never spoken by themselves but in composition. Of those that have a long vowel by nature, some are circumflexed, others are accented with an acute. The interrogatives are circumflexed: πῇ, ποῦ, πῶς. But when these are made indefinite they are enclitic: “οὔ πως ἐστ´ Ἀγέλαε” (χ 136), “ἀλλά που ἄλλῃ”, “οὐ γάρ πω τοιούτους ἴδον” (Α 262). But πῶ, when construed with the negation οὐ and the prohibition μή, indicates that the action construed with them is to take place afterward, as in οὔπω ἔφαγον, οὔπω ἐδείπνησα; for one who is going to dine declares this. For οὐ δειπνῶ [is] a negation…

Gadget

A small interactive toy based on this passage (experimental).
No gadget yet.

Overlaps (Stephanos, Meineke)

No overlaps computed yet.