Greek accentuation and vowel/diphthong behavior with enclitics and prosodic shifts
ὑπισχνεῖται τελείαν, τὸ δὲ οὔπω δειπνῶ τὸ μέλλον ὑπισχνεῖται. ἀνταποδοτικὰ δὲ ταῦτα γινόμενα μεταβάλλει τὸν τόνον, ὅπως, ὅπῃ, ὅποι, ὅπου. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ πω καὶ τοῦ μάλα τὸ πώμαλα προπαροξύνουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ἔτι τὸ πώποτε ἐκ τοῦ πω καὶ τοῦ ποτέ. τὸ δὲ πῶς ποτε περισπᾶται. Τὰ ἔχοντα δίχρονον ἐκτεταμένον περισπᾶται, »ἆ δειλὲ πάντων« »ἆ γῆρας« καὶ τὸ βᾶ ἐν τῇ συνηθείᾳ παρὰ ἀρχαίοις ἔκπληξιν δηλοῦν, καὶ νῦν χρονικόν, γρῦ, μῦ, κρῖ καὶ εἴ τι ὅμοιον. ὁπότε δὲ συστέλλεται, ὀξύνεται, μά, μύ τὸ θρηνητικόν. τὸ δὲ αἴ ὀξύνεται ὡς ἔχον τὸ 'ι'. Τὰ μέντοι τὸ 'η' ἔχοντα μονοσύλλαβα μὴ προσκειμένου τοῦ 'ι' ὀξύνεται ὡς καὶ ἤδη εἶπον, νή, μή, πλήν καὶ τὸ δήν καὶ τὸ ἥ ἰσοδυναμοῦν τῷ ὡς »ἣ θέμις ἐστί« (Β 37), φή ἀντὶ τοῦ καθάπερ »φὴ νέος οὐκ ἀπάλαμνος«. τὸ δὲ ᾗ ἀντὶ τοῦ ὅπου καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ καθά τοῦ 'ι' προσκειμένου περισπᾶται ὡς καὶ τὸ πῇ τὸ ἐρωτηματικὸν καὶ αὐτὸ σὺν τῷ 'ι' καὶ τὸ κῇ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐκεῖ τροπῇ τῆς 'ει' διφθόγγου εἰς 'ῃ' Αἰολικῶς καὶ βῆ μίμημα φωνῆς ἀλόγου ἰσοδυναμοῦν τῷ βληχᾶσθαι. Τὰ ἔχοντα τὸ 'ω' ὀξύνεται καὶ περισπᾶται· τὸ τώς ἀνταποδοτικόν »τὼς δέ ς´ ἀπεχθήρω« (Γ 415). τὸ τώ, ὅτε τὸ διό σημαίνει »τὼ οὐκ
It promises completion, whereas οὔπω δειπνῶ promises what is still to come. But when these become responsive, they change the accent: ὅπως, ὅπῃ, ὅποι, ὅπου. From πω and μάλα the Athenians accent πώμαλα with a proparoxytone, and likewise πώποτε from πω and ποτέ. But πῶς ποτε is circumflexed. Items that have a long dichronon are circumflexed: »ἆ δειλὲ πάντων«, »ἆ γῆρας«, and βᾶ in common usage among the ancients, indicating astonishment, and now as a temporal (particle); γρῦ, μῦ, κρῖ, and anything similar. But whenever it is shortened, it is accented with an acute: μά, μύ, the lamenting (particle). But αἴ is accented with an acute, as having the 'ι'. However, monosyllables that have 'η' without the 'ι' appended are accented with an acute, as I have already said: νή, μή, πλήν, and also δήν, and ἥ, equivalent to ὡς, as in »ἣ θέμις ἐστί« (Β 37); and φή, in place of καθάπερ, as in »φὴ νέος οὐκ ἀπάλαμνος«. But ᾗ, in place of ὅπου and in place of καθά, with the 'ι' appended, is circumflexed, as also the interrogative πῇ, itself with the 'ι', and κῇ in place of ἐκεῖ, by an Aeolic change of the diphthong 'ει' into 'ῃ', and βῆ, an imitation of the voice of an irrational animal, equivalent to βληχᾶσθαι. Items that have 'ω' are accented with an acute and with a circumflex: the responsive τώς, »τὼς δέ ς´ ἀπεχθήρω« (Γ 415). τώ, when it means διό, »τὼ οὐκ