Discussion of adverbial endings and accentuation in Greek (Dorian/Ionic), changes: apocope of 'θεν', o→ω, behavior of -αν, -εν, -δην, -ην, -ιν adverbs, lengthening, accent shifts, proclitics, and examples.
τουτῶ αὐτῶ κατὰ ἀποκοπὴν τῆς 'θεν' συλλαβῆς καὶ ἐκτάσει τοῦ 'ο' εἰς 'ω' Δώριά ἐστιν. Τὰ εἰς 'αν' λήγοντα καὶ μακρὸν ἔχει τὸ 'α' καὶ βαρύνεται, λίαν, ἄγαν, εὔἁν, πέραν, ὅπερ Ἰωνικῶς πέρην λέγεται »πέρην κλυτοῦ ὠκεανοῖο« Διονύσιος. τὸ πάμπαν καὶ τάλαν συστέλλει τὸ 'α'. τὸ δὲ ὅταν δύο μέρη λόγου, ὅτε καὶ ἄν. τὸ δοάν ὀξυνόμενον πλεονασμὸν ἔχει τοῦ 'ο', δήν δάν δοάν. τὸ ὦ τᾶν δύο περισπωμένας ἔχει. * Σπάνια τὰ εἰς 'εν' λήγοντα ἐπιρρήματα τὰ μὴ ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'ε' τὸ 'θ' καὶ εὐαρίθμητα· ἔστι γὰρ τὸ ἔπειτεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔπειτα γεγονὸς καὶ εἶεν, ὅ τινες ὀξύνουσιν. καὶ τὸ αἰέν ὁμότονον καὶ ὁμόσημον τῷ ἀεί. Τὰ εἰς 'δην' πάντα βαρύνεται, κλίδην, μίγδην, ἐμπλήγδην, ἅδην, ἐπαΐγδην, βάδην, χύδην, κρύβδην, φύρδην, σποράδην, ἀλλάγδην, παμπήδην, διαρρήδην καὶ ἄλλα μυρία. καὶ τὰ εἰς 'ην' ἐπιρρήματα μὴ προηγουμένου τοῦ 'δ' πρῴην, μάτην, βύζην, ἔμπλην καὶ ἄντην βαρύνεται· τὸ γὰρ ἀκμήν, ἐθελοντήν, ἑκοντήν ὀνοματικά· διὸ καὶ συνοξύνονται τοῖς ὀνόμασιν. τὸ δὲ ἠμήν ὁρκικὸν ἐπίρρημα ὀξύνεται. ὁ δὲ ποιητὴς ἀεὶ διὰ τοῦ 'ε' προφέρεται »ἠμέν μοι πρόφρων« (Α 77) »ἠμὲν ἐμοὶ δώσειν« (Ξ 275). τὸ δὲ ἐχρῆν περισπώμενον οὐκ ἐπίρρημα, ἀλλὰ ῥῆμα. * Τὰ εἰς 'ιν' ἐπιρρήματα ἐκ πλεονασμοῦ ἔχει τὸ 'ν' οἷον αὖθι αὖθιν, οὕτω γὰρ λέγεται παρὰ Ῥηγίνοις. πάλι πάλιν, πέρυσι πέρυσιν, ὃ
In this very form, by apocope of the syllable 'θεν' and lengthening of 'ο' to 'ω', it is Doric. The adverbs ending in 'αν' have long 'α' and are barytone: λίαν, ἄγαν, εὔἁν, πέραν, which in Ionic is said as πέρην: «πέρην κλυτοῦ ὠκεανοῖο», Dionysius. But πάμπαν and τάλαν shorten the 'α'. ὅταν, however, is two parts of speech, ὅτε and ἄν. δοάν, when accented with an acute, has an addition of 'ο': δήν δάν δοάν. ὦ τᾶν has two circumflexed syllables. Adverbs ending in 'εν' that do not have 'θ' before the 'ε' are rare and easily counted; for there is ἔπειτεν, formed from ἔπειτα, and εἶεν, which some accent with an acute. And αἰέν is of the same accent and the same meaning as ἀεί. All the adverbs in 'δην' are barytone: κλίδην, μίγδην, ἐμπλήγδην, ἅδην, ἐπαΐγδην, βάδην, χύδην, κρύβδην, φύρδην, σποράδην, ἀλλάγδην, παμπήδην, διαρρήδην, and countless others. And the adverbs in 'ην' without a preceding 'δ'—πρῴην, μάτην, βύζην, ἔμπλην and ἄντην—are barytone; for ἀκμήν, ἐθελοντήν, ἑκοντήν are nominal; therefore they are also accented with an acute on the final syllable along with the nouns. But ἠμήν, an oath-adverb, is accented with an acute. The poet, however, always pronounces it with 'ε': «ἠμέν μοι πρόφρων» (Α 77), «ἠμὲν ἐμοὶ δώσειν» (Ξ 275). But ἐχρῆν, with circumflex, is not an adverb but a verb. The adverbs in 'ιν' have the 'ν' by addition, as for example αὖθι, αὖθιν—for thus it is said among the Rhegines—πάλι, πάλιν, πέρυσι, πέρυσιν, which…