Analysis of accentuation patterns for adverbial and nominal endings (εις 'δον', 'ον', 'υν', 'ων', etc.), examples of forms, effects of prefixes and dialectal notes.
καὶ πέρυτις λέγεται Δωρικῶς. αἶιν, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀεί παρὰ Αἰολεῦσι γέγονεν. νυνίν, οὑτωσίν. Τὰ εἰς 'δον' ὀξύνεται, χανδόν, σχεδόν, βοτρυδόν »βοτρυδὸν δὲ πέτονται ἐπ´ ἄνθεσιν εἰαρινοῖσι«. ἔστι δὲ μονῆρες τὸ βοτρυδόν. τὰ γὰρ εἰς 'δον' ἐπιρρήματα ὀξυνόμενα οὐ θέλει ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς 'υς' ὀνομάτων παράγεσθαι καὶ πρὸ τέλους ἔχειν τὸ 'υ'· ὁ μέντοι Εὐφορίων παρὰ τὸ εἰς 'υς' παραγωγὸν ποιήσας ἐπίρρημα οὐκ ἔδωκε πρὸ τέλους τὸ 'υ', ἀλλὰ τὸ 'η' »πάντα δέ οἱ νεκυηδὸν ἐλευκαίνοντο πρόσωπα«. ἀγεληδόν, σωρηδόν, ποταμηδόν, κιονηδόν, ταυρηδόν, κρουνηδόν, βομβηδόν, ἰλαδόν, ἐνωπαδόν, στοχανδόν, φανδόν, ἑλκηδόν, παρασταδόν, παρακλιδόν, ῥυδόν »ῥυδὸν ἀφνειοῖο« (o 426), ἀμφαδόν· καὶ ἐν συνθέσει φυλάσσουσι τὸν τόνον οἷον αὐτοσχεδόν. μόνον τὸ ἔνδον βαρύνεται, διότι μόνον παρὰ προθέσεως καὶ ὅτι μόνον τοπικὸν τῶν εἰς 'δον'. λήγει δὲ καὶ 'δος', ἔνδος γὰρ λέγεται πολλάκις καὶ εἰς 'δοι' ἔνδοι. τέσσαρσιν οὖν διαφοραῖς διαλλάξαν οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν εἰ καὶ κατὰ τόνον διήλλαξεν. εἰδέναι δὲ δεῖ ὡς τὰ εἰς 'δον' σπανίως κατ´ ἀρχὴν λέξεως συντίθενται, ὡς ἔχει τὸ ἐνδόμυχος, ἐνδόπυρος, ἔνδορχις. Τὰ εἰς 'ον' ἐπιρρήματα μὴ ἔχοντα πρὸ τοῦ 'ο' 'δ' ἀλλ´ ἢ ἕτερον σύμφωνον ἢ τὸ 'ι' βαρύνεται, σήμερον, αὔριον, πόρσιον, ἔγγιον, μᾶλλον, ἧττον, ἄσσον. τὸ δὲ αὐθημερόν ὀξύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐθήμερος προπαροξυνομένου. * Εἰς 'υν' λῆγον οὐδέν ἐστιν, εἰ μὴ τὸ βίσχυν βαρύτονον μόνον ὄν. Τὰ εἰς 'ων' πάντα ὀξύνονται, ἐμποδών, ἐκποδών, ἐκδεξιών, ἐξαριστερών, τελευτών. καὶ τὸ χρεών μετοχικὸν ὀξύνεται, τὸ δὲ ἀκέων καὶ αὐτὸ μετοχικὸν παροξύνεται.
περυτις is also said in the Doric dialect. αἶιν, which among the Aeolians has arisen from ἀεί. νυνίν, οὑτωσίν. The adverbs in -δον are accented on the last syllable: χανδόν, σχεδόν, βοτρυδόν—“and they fly in clusters upon the vernal flowers.” But βοτρυδόν is an isolated form; for adverbs in -δον, when accented on the last syllable, do not wish to be derived from nouns in -υς and to have υ before the final syllable. Euphorion, however, making an adverb derived from a form in -υς, did not give υ before the final syllable, but η: “and all their faces were whitening νεκυηδόν.” ἀγεληδόν, σωρηδόν, ποταμηδόν, κιονηδόν, ταυρηδόν, κρουνηδόν, βομβηδόν, ἰλαδόν, ἐνωπαδόν, στοχανδόν, φανδόν, ἑλκηδόν, παρασταδόν, παρακλιδόν, ῥυδόν—“ῥυδὸν of the rich man” (o 426)—ἀμφαδόν; and in compounds they preserve the accent, as for example αὐτοσχεδόν. Only ἔνδον is accented with a grave, because it alone is formed from a preposition and because it alone is local among the forms in -δον. It also ends in -δος, for ἔνδος is often said, and in -δοι, ἔνδοι. Having differed, then, in four respects, it is no wonder if it also differed in accent. One must know that the forms in -δον are rarely compounded at the beginning of a word, as in ἐνδόμυχος, ἐνδόπυρος, ἔνδορχις. The adverbs in -ον that do not have δ before ο, but either another consonant or ι, are accented with a grave: σήμερον, αὔριον, πόρσιον, ἔγγιον, μᾶλλον, ἧττον, ἄσσον. But αὐθημερόν is accented on the last syllable, from αὐθήμερος, which is accented on the antepenult. There is nothing ending in -υν, except only βίσχυν, the sole grave-accented form. All the forms in -ων are accented on the last syllable: ἐμποδών, ἐκποδών, ἐκδεξιών, ἐξαριστερών, τελευτών. And χρεών, a participial form, is accented on the last syllable, but ἀκέων, also participial, is accented on the penult.