Discussion of accentuation and declension patterns of nouns and proper names in -ας (and related forms), including Ionic -δ forms, perispomenon behavior, compounds, and examples.
ὁ ἀλλᾶς ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀλλάεις κέκλιται διὰ τοῦ 'ντος', ἵν´ ᾖ ἀλλάεντος καὶ κατὰ κρᾶσιν ἀλλᾶντος, καὶ ἡ ἐντελὴς εὐθεῖα τοῦ ἀλλᾶντος περισπωμένην ἀπαιτεῖ τὴν ἀπὸ κράσεως ὁμοίως τῷ ἱλάεις ἱλᾶς. Ἔτι δὲ περισπῶνται ταῦτα μόνως κύρια ἢ ὑποκοριστικά, Ἑρμᾶς Ἀργᾶς, Αἰγᾶς ποταμὸς φερόμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὸ Πύθιον ὄρους, ἀφ´ οὗ καὶ τὸ πεδίον Αἰγαῖον, Καρρᾶς ποταμὸς Συρίας, Βορρᾶς, Γονατᾶς ὁ Γούνιος ἐθνικόν, Κομητᾶς, Φιλητᾶς, Μηνᾶς, Ζηνᾶς, Μητρᾶς, ὀστρακᾶς, πινακᾶς, λαχανᾶς, ἢ ἐπὶ σκώμματος τασσόμενα φαγᾶς καταφαγᾶς δακνᾶς ἢ τὰ ἀπὸ συμβεβηκότος οἷον τρεσᾶς. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἰωνικῶς παραλόγως διὰ τοῦ 'δ' κεκλιμένα, ὧν τὸ 'α' μακρόν, Βοιβᾶς, Βιττᾶς, Κυρᾶς· εἰσὶ δὲ ὀνόματα κύρια. οὐδέποτε δὲ ὀξύνεται, χωρὶς εἰ μὴ ὦσιν ἀπὸ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου σύνθετα διὰ μόνου τοῦ 'τ' κλινόμενα οἷον χαλκοκράς καὶ γαλακτοκράς καὶ νεοκράς. ὅθεν τὸ ἱμάς καὶ ἀνδριάς ὡς ἐκτεταμένον ἔχοντα τὸ 'ας' σημειούμεθα παραλόγως ὀξυνόμενα. οὐκ ἀγνοῶ δὲ ὅτι Ἡλιόδωρος ἐβούλετο ταῦτα περισπᾶν. τὸ δ´ αὐτὸ ἠξίου καὶ Δράκων ὁ Στρατονικεύς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Τυραννίων. οὐκ ἔχει δὲ οὕτω τὰ τῆς ἀναγνώσεως. ἐμιμήσαντο δὲ αὐτὰ ἐκτεινόμενα ἐν τῇ ληγούσῃ κατὰ τὰς μετοχὰς καὶ τὴν τῶν μετοχῶν κλίσιν τοῦ ἱστάς ἱστάντος καὶ βιβάς βιβάντος. ἱμάντος γὰρ καὶ ἀνδριάντος, ἅπερ παρ´ Ἀττικοῖς περισπᾶται. Βαρύνεται
The ἀλλᾶς, as being declined from ἀλλάεις through -ντος, so that it is ἀλλάεντος and by contraction ἀλλᾶντος; and the full nominative of ἀλλᾶντος requires a circumflex on the form from contraction, likewise as ἱλάεις becomes ἱλᾶς. Further, only these are circumflexed—proper names or diminutives: Ἑρμᾶς, Ἀργᾶς, Αἰγᾶς, a river said to flow from the mountain about Pythion, from which also the plain is called Αἰγαῖον; Καρρᾶς, a river of Syria; Βορρᾶς; Γονατᾶς, the ethnic from Γούνιος; Κομητᾶς, Φιλητᾶς, Μηνᾶς, Ζηνᾶς, Μητρᾶς; ὀστρακᾶς, πινακᾶς, λαχανᾶς; or those set down in jest, φαγᾶς, καταφαγᾶς, δακνᾶς; or those from an accident, as for example τρεσᾶς. Likewise also the Ionic anomalous forms declined with -δ-, whose α is long—Βοιβᾶς, Βιττᾶς, Κυρᾶς; and they are proper names. But it is never accented with an acute, except if they are compounds from a passive perfect, declined only with -τ-, as χαλκοκράς and γαλακτοκράς and νεοκράς. Hence ἱμάς and ἀνδριάς, as having the -ας lengthened, we note as anomalously accented with an acute. I am not unaware that Heliodorus wished to circumflex these; and Draco of Stratonicea held the same view, and also Tyrannion. But the facts of reading are not so. They imitated them, with lengthening in the final syllable, after the participles and the declension of participles, as ἱστάς ἱστάντος and βιβάς βιβάντος; for ἱμάντος and ἀνδριάντος, which among the Attic writers are circumflexed. It is accented with a grave.