Discussion of accent (stress) patterns for Greek adverbs/adverbial forms ending in -ρ, -ας, -ες, -ης, -ις with examples and dialectal exceptions.
Εἰς 'ρ' λήγοντα ἐπιρρήματα ὀξύτονα οὐκ ἔστιν καὶ τὰ ἁπλᾶ βαρύτονα σπάνια καὶ μονήρη ὡς ἔχει τὸ νύκτωρ μόνον εἰς 'ωρ' καὶ τὸ ἄτερ μόνον εἰς 'ερ'. τὸ γὰρ Δάματερ κλητικὴ ὡς τὸ Ἥρακλες, καὶ ἄφαρ. τὸ γὰρ αὐτῆμαρ, ποσσῆμαρ, ἐννῆμαρ σύνθετα παρώνυμά εἰσιν. Τὰ εἰς 'ας' μὴ παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ε' σὺν ἀμεταβόλῳ ὀξύνεται, ἑκάς, ἀνεκάς, ἀγκάς, ἐντυπάς, ἀνδρακάς. τὸ μέντοι πέλας βαρύνεται καὶ τὸ ἀτρέμας »ἀτρέμας ἧσο« (Β 200), ὅπερ καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ 'ς' λέγεται ἀτρέμα. τὸ δὲ ἅλιας παρ´ Ἱππώνακτι προπαροξύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅλις πλεονάσαν τὸ 'α'. * Τὰ εἰς 'ες' λήγοντα ἐπιρρήματα ἁπλᾶ φυσικῶς οὐκ ἔστιν, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἐχθές δισύλλαβον καὶ χθές μονοσύλλαβον καὶ ἐνδελιστές ὀξύτονον παρὰ Συρακοσσίοις, ὃ καὶ ἐλλιστές λέγεται· τὸ γὰρ ἀές ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀεί· τὸ δὲ ἄληθες, ἐπίτηδες ὀνοματικὰ καὶ βαρύτονα. Τὰ εἰς 'ης' βαρύνεται, ἔμπης, ἐξαίφνης, ἐξαπίνης, ἑξείης· τὸ δὲ ἑξῆς τὸ ἀπ´ αὐτοῦ περισπᾶται. καὶ τὸ ἀκαρής ὀξυνόμενον ὀνοματικόν ἐστιν ὅμοιον τῷ εὐρυπυλής. Τὰ εἰς 'ις' λήγοντα δισύλλαβα βαρύνεται, μόλις, μόγις, ἅλις, ἄνις ἀντὶ τοῦ χωρίς, μέχρις καὶ τὸ παρ´ αὐτὸ ἄχρις. λέγεται δὲ καὶ μέχρι καὶ ἄχρι ἄνευ τοῦ 'ς', αὖθις, ὃ λέγεται καὶ αὖθι καὶ αὖθιν. μόνα τὸ χωρίς καὶ ἀμφίς ὀξύνονται. τὰ δὲ ὑπὲρ δύο συλλαβὰς εἰς 'ις' λήγοντα, ὑπεσταλμένων τῶν διὰ τοῦ 'αδις' καὶ 'ακις' ὀξύνονται, ἐγκυτίς, ὃ χωρὶς τοῦ 'ς' Καλλίμαχος εἶπεν »σὺ δ´ ἐγκυτὶ τέκνον ἐκέρσω«,
No oxytone adverbs ending in -ρ exist; and the simple barytone ones are rare and isolated, as is the case with νύκτωρ alone in -ωρ and ἄτερ alone in -ερ. For Δάματερ is a vocative, like Ἥρακλες, and so is ἄφαρ. For αὐτῆμαρ, ποσσῆμαρ, ἐννῆμαρ are compound paronyms. Those in -ας whose penult does not have ε with an unchangeable vowel are accented on the ultima: ἑκάς, ἀνεκάς, ἀγκάς, ἐντυπάς, ἀνδρακᾶς. But πέλας is accented with a grave, and so is ἀτρέμας—“ἀτρέμας ἧσο” (Β 200)—which is also said without the ς, ἀτρέμα. And ἅλιας in Hipponax is proparoxytone, from ἅλις with an added α. Adverbs ending in -ες do not naturally exist as simple forms, except ἐχθές, disyllabic, and χθές, monosyllabic, and ἐνδελιστές, oxytone among the Syracusans, which is also said ἐλλιστές; for ἀές is from ἀεί; but ἄληθες and ἐπίτηδες are nominal and barytone. Those in -ης are barytone: ἔμπης, ἐξαίφνης, ἐξαπίνης, ἑξείης; but ἑξῆς, derived from it, is circumflexed. And ἀκαρής, accented on the ultima, is nominal, like εὐρυπυλής. Disyllables ending in -ις are barytone: μόλις, μόγις, ἅλις, ἄνις in place of χωρὶς, μέχρις and the related ἄχρις. But μέχρι and ἄχρι are also said without the ς; αὖθις too, which is also said αὖθι and αὖθιν. Only χωρὶς and ἀμφίς are oxytone. But those of more than two syllables ending in -ις are oxytone, with the exception of those in -αδις and -ακις: ἐγκυτίς, which Callimachus said without the ς, “σὺ δ’ ἐγκυτὶ τέκνον ἐκέρσω”.