Discussion of Greek accentuation and prosody for forms in -υς, -χος, -χως; proparoxytone and enclitic behavior; Doric barytone; examples and alternations.
»ποῖ κῆχος, εὐθὺ Σικελίας« καὶ παρὰ Φερεκράτει »ποῖ κῆχος;« τὸ πῇ κῇ· πῇ ἐγγύς πῇ ἄγχος, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ ἔναγχος· ἐλλείψει τοῦ 'γ' κῆχος. τὸ δὲ ἔναγχος προπαροξύνεται· τὸ εἰκός ὀξυνόμενον οὐδέτερον ἦν μετοχὴ οὐδετέρου γένους εἰς σύνταξιν ἐπιρρηματικὴν ἐλθοῦσα. τὸ γοῦν ἔνδος, ἔξος βαρύτονα Δώρια. Τὰ εἰς 'υς' συστελλόμενον ἔχοντα τὸ 'υ' ὀξύνεσθαι θέλει, πλὴν εἰ μὴ τρισύλλαβα ὄντα ἀπὸ προθέσεως ἄρχοιτο, ἐγγύς, εὐθύς, ἰθύς, μεσσηγύς, ἃ εἰ λέγοιτο ἄνευ τοῦ 'ς' ἰσόχρονα λέγεται ἰθύ εὐθύ μεσσηγύ. τὸ δὲ ἄντικρυς καὶ σύνεγγυς πρόθεσιν ἔχει. τὸ ἀντικρύ ὀξυνόμενον ἐκτείνει τὸ 'υ'. τὸ ἀλλῦς μακρὸν ἔχον τὸ 'υ' περισπᾶται. Τὰ εἰς 'χως' ἐπὶ ποσότητος περισπᾶσθαι θέλει, διχῶς, τριχῶς, τετραχῶς, ἑξαχῶς, ἑπταχῶς, ποσαχῶς. τὸ ἐξόχως, ἡσύχως βαρύνεται· ἀπὸ ὀνομάτων γάρ. Τὰ καλούμενα τῆς μεσότητος ἀπὸ γενικῶν πληθυντικῶν γενόμενα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τόνον αὐταῖς ἔχει, εἴτε παρ´ ὀνόματα γένοιτο εἴτε παρὰ μετοχάς, εἴτε παρ´ ἀντωνυμίας, κούφων κούφως, βαρέων βαρέως, καλῶν δὲ καλῶς περισπωμένως καὶ σεμνῶν σεμνῶς ἀσέμνων ἀσέμνως, καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ πᾶς δὲ καὶ μέγας πάντων μεγάλων ὁμοίως πάντως, μεγάλως ὡς καὶ ἐξόχων ἐξόχως καὶ ἡσύχων ἡσύχως. τὸ
“Whither, κῆχος, straight to Sicily,” and in Pherecrates too, “Whither, κῆχος?”—that is, πῇ κῇ: πῇ ἐγγύς, πῇ ἄγχος, which is in ἔναγχος; with omission of the ‘γ’, κῆχος. But ἔναγχος is accented on the antepenult; for the form that would naturally be acute was a neuter, a participle of the neuter gender that has come into adverbial construction. Thus ἔνδος, ἔξος are barytone in Doric. Words in -υς, when they have the υ shortened, want to be accented with an acute, unless, being trisyllabic, they begin with a preposition: ἐγγύς, εὐθύς, ἰθύς, μεσσηγύς; and if these are said without the ‘ς’, they are pronounced with equal quantity: ἰθύ, εὐθύ, μεσσηγύ. But ἄντικρυς and σύνεγγυς have a preposition. ἀντικρύ, when accented with an acute, lengthens the ‘υ’. ἀλλῦς, having long ‘υ’, is circumflexed. Words in -χως, in expressions of number, want to be circumflexed: διχῶς, τριχῶς, τετραχῶς, ἑξαχῶς, ἑπταχῶς, ποσαχῶς. But ἐξόχως, ἡσύχως are barytone, for they are from nouns. The so‑called adverbs of “middle” formation, made from genitive plurals, also have the same accent as those genitives, whether they come from nouns or from participles or from pronouns: κούφων κούφως, βαρέων βαρέως, but καλῶν gives καλῶς with circumflex, and σεμνῶν gives σεμνῶς, ἀσέμνων gives ἀσέμνως; and likewise those from πᾶς and μέγας, πάντων and μεγάλων, similarly πάντως, μεγάλως, as also ἐξόχων gives ἐξόχως and ἡσύχων gives ἡσύχως. The …