Prosodia Catholica (Herodian)

Passage 1.523
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1.523
Discussion of vowel extension versus contraction in Greek prosody: behavior of final ι (and ι-only extensions), monosyllabic long endings, handling of -αρ, -ων, -σσων endings, Attic vs other dialectal variations, and metrical examples.
τοῦ 'ν', μὴ κατὰ κλίσιν ῥηματικήν, ἐκτείνεσθαι θέλει, Ἰνώ, Ἴναχος, ἰνίον. ἀντιπίπτει τὸ ἵνα εἴτε ἐπίρρημα εἴη εἴτε σύνδεσμος. προσέθηκα δὲ μὴ ἐν κλίσει ῥηματικῇ διὰ τὸ ἴναι καὶ ἐξίναι ἀπαρέμφατα. * Αἱ διὰ τοῦ 'ι' μόνου ἐπεκτάσεις ἐν οἱῳδήποτε μέρει λόγου ἐκτεταμένον ἔχουσι τὸ 'ι', ὡδί, ἐνθαδί, νυνί, δευρί. τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀντωνυμιῶν, ἐκεινοσί, οὑτοσί. Πᾶν ὄνομα μονοσύλλαβον μακροκατάληκτόν ἐστι φύσει ἢ θέσει οἷον, στύξ, νύξ, πᾶς, Γρᾶς, Πράς, κράς, λίς, κίς, ῥίς, ἴς, μῦς, σῦς, δρῦς, πῦρ, ψάρ, Κάρ. διὸ τὸ τίς σημειούμεθα συστελλόμενον τὸ 'ι'. εἰ δέ τινες συστέλλουσι τοῦ Ἴς ἐπὶ ποταμοῦ τὸ 'ι' εἰς ἀποφυγὴν τούτου «οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς Ἔσθ´ οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν» (Λ 668), πταίουσι καὶ περὶ τὸν λόγον καὶ περὶ τὴν ἱστορίαν. τὸ δὲ «στάδα λίμνην» ἢ «κλάδα χρυσεόκαρπον» οὐχ ἕξει τινὰ εὐθεῖαν στάς ἢ κλάς. μεταπλασμοὶ γάρ εἰσι. τὸ δὲ «ἐξ ὀρέων ἐπὶ κὰρ» (Π 392) κατὰ πάθος. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ κάρη κατὰ ἀποκοπὴν τοῦ 'η' γέγονεν. Πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἢ θηλυκὸν εἰς ἀμετάβολον λῆγον μακροκαταληκτεῖ, Ἀλκμάν, παιάν, Τιτάν, δελφίν, ἀκτίν, ῥίν, Σαλαμίν, κάρ, ψάρ, μάρτυρ. καὶ τοῦ Φόρκυν, Πόλτυν τινὲς μὲν ἀξιοῦσι καὶ ἐν τῇ εὐθείᾳ ἐκτείνεσθαι τὸ 'υ', ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκεῖ, ὅτι ἐν μὲν τῇ εὐθείᾳ συστέλλεται τὸ 'υ', ἐν δὲ ταῖς πλαγίαις ἐκτείνεται. σεσημείωται τὸ μάκαρ, δάμαρ. * Τὰ εἰς 'αρ' λήγοντα ὑπὲρ μίαν συλλαβὴν ἐπὶ παντὸς γένους συστέλλει τὸ 'α', μάκαρ, ὄαρ, θέναρ, φρέαρ, στέαρ. Ἀττικοὺς δέ φασιν ἐκτείνειν τὸ στέαρ καὶ φρέαρ. * Τὰ εἰς 'ων' λήγοντα καθαρὰ συγκριτικά, ὁπότε παραλήγοιτο τῷ 'ι', ἐκτεταμένῳ αὐτῷ παραλήγονται, καλλίων, ἡδίων, βελτίων, γλυκίων, κακίων. Ἀριστοφάνης δὲ ἐν Ἀττικαῖς λέξεσιν Ἀττικοὺς ἱστορεῖ προφέρεσθαι ἐκτεταμένως. Τὰ εἰς 'σσων' συγκριτικὰ οὐδέποτε ἐκτεταμένῳ διχρόνῳ παραλήγεται, βράσσων (Κ 226), πάσσων (ζ 229), μάσσων, γλύσσων, βάσσων,
The ν, when not in verbal inflection, wishes to be lengthened: Ἰνώ, Ἴναχος, ἰνίον. But ἵνα stands in the way, whether it is an adverb or a conjunction. I added “not in verbal inflection” because ἴναι and ἐξίναι are infinitives. Extensions by ι alone, in whatever part of speech, have the ι lengthened: ὡδί, ἐνθαδί, νυνί, δευρί. The same also in the case of pronouns: ἐκεινοσί, οὑτοσί. Every monosyllabic noun with a long final syllable is long by nature or by position, for example στύξ, νύξ, πᾶς, Γρᾶς, Πράς, κράς, λίς, κίς, ῥίς, ἴς, μῦς, σῦς, δρῦς, πῦρ, ψάρ, Κάρ. Therefore we mark τίς as having the ι shortened. But if some shorten the ι of Ἴς, in the sense of a river, in order to avoid this—“οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς Ἔσθ´ οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν” (Λ 668)—they are in error both in respect of the wording and in respect of the history. And “στάδα λίμνην” or “κλάδα χρυσεόκαρπον” will not have any nominative στάς or κλάς; for they are remodelings. And “ἐξ ὀρέων ἐπὶ κὰρ” (Π 392) is according to affection; for it has come from κάρη by apocope of η. Every masculine or feminine ending in an indeclinable consonant has a long final syllable: Ἀλκμάν, παιάν, Τιτάν, δελφίν, ἀκτίν, ῥίν, Σαλαμίν, κάρ, ψάρ, μάρτυρ. And as for Φόρκυν and Πόλτυν, some think that even in the nominative the υ ought to be lengthened, but it seems to me that in the nominative the υ is shortened, whereas in the oblique cases it is lengthened. μάκαρ and δάμαρ are marked. Those ending in -αρ, of more than one syllable, in every gender shorten the α: μάκαρ, ὄαρ, θέναρ, φρέαρ, στέαρ. But they say that the Attics lengthen στέαρ and φρέαρ. The pure comparatives ending in -ων, whenever they have ι in the penult, have it lengthened in the penult: καλλίων, ἡδίων, βελτίων, γλυκίων, κακίων. Aristophanes, in his Attic Words, reports that the Attics pronounce them with lengthening. Comparatives in -σσων never have a long diphthongal vowel in the penult: βράσσων (Κ 226), πάσσων (ζ 229), μάσσων, γλύσσων, βάσσων.

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