Lists Greek place-names, river-names, and ethnics ending in -βας and -γας; notes phonological/gender patterns and gives many examples (Bithyas, Phlegyas, Abas, Akragas, etc.).
Βιθύας ἔθνος Θρᾴκης ἀπὸ Βίθυος τοῦ Ἄρεος καὶ Σήτης τῆς Ῥήσου ἀδελφῆς. Φλεγύας ὁ Ἄρεος καὶ Χρυσῆς παῖς καὶ ἔθνος Βοιωτίας. Ὅμηρος (Ν 302) «ἠὲ μετὰ Φλεγύας μεγαλήτορας». ἔστι δὲ καὶ Φλεγύης ἡ εὐθεῖα καὶ Φλέγυς. Σατύας κύριον παρ´ Ἡγησίππῳ καὶ Ἀρύας ποταμὸς παρ´ Ἐρατοσθένει «ἡ δὲ ὑπὲρ Ἀρύαντος ἐπὶ προχοαῖς ποταμίων». τὸ μέντοι τριάς θηλυκὸν καὶ συστελλόμενον ἔχει τὸ 'α'. Τὰ εἰς 'βας' βαρύνονται· Βίβας τὸ κύριον, Φόρβας, Ἡλίου υἱὸς καὶ πόλις τῶν ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ Ἀχαιῶν, Ἄβας ποταμὸς καὶ ἥρως καὶ ἔθνος, Ἴβας, Σκρίβας, Ψευδαρτάβας, Ἀννίβας, Κάβας, Λάβας, Ἰόβας, Ῥήβας ποταμὸς παρὰ τῷ Πόντῳ καὶ χώρα, Ἄλβας ποταμὸς ὁ νῦν λεγόμενος Τίβερις Τιβερίνου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν αὐτῷ θανόντος. Χάλβας ποταμὸς Συρίας, Σάμβας ὄνομα ποταμοῦ, Λυκάμβας, Χηράμβας. Κύρβας, Θίσβας, λυκάβας, Ἀρύβας κύριον, Ἀρύββας ἐθνικὸν παρὰ τῷ Ἀλκμᾶνι. ἀλίβας. Ἀλύβας· τοῦτον οἱ μὲν Μεταπόντιον ἤκουσαν τῆς Ἰταλίας, οἱ δὲ Θρᾴκης πόλιν, ὡς Ὅμηρος. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἔθνος. ὀκρίβας. τὸ δὲ Βοιβᾶς περισπᾶται. τὸ δὲ στιβάς θηλυκὸν καὶ συστελλόμενον ἔχει τὸ 'α', καὶ τὸ βιβάς μετοχή ἐστιν. Τὰ εἰς 'γας' πάντα βαρύνεται, εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ σκώμματος εἴη, ὡς ἔχει τὸ φαγᾶς, γίγας, μέγας καὶ Μέγας, Μίγας, Σάγγας, Ἄλγας, Βρίγας κύριον καὶ ἔθνος, Ζύγας ἔθνος Λιβύης «οἵ τινες τὰ ἄνθη συλλέγοντες μέλι ποιοῦσιν ὥστε μὴ λείπεσθαι τοῦ ὑπὸ τῶν μελισσῶν γινομένου», ὡς Εὔδοξος ὁ Κνίδιος ἐν ἕκτῳ γῆς περιόδου. Σάλγας ποταμὸς τῆς Μαυριτανίας, Βησσύγας ποταμὸς τῆς Ἰνδικῆς. Ἀκράγας πόλις Σικελίας ἀπὸ ποταμοῦ παραρρέοντος. φησὶ γὰρ Δοῦρις ὅτι αἱ πλεῖσται τῶν Σικελῶν πόλεων ἐκ τῶν ποταμῶν ὀνομάζονται, Συρακούσας, Γέλαν, Ἱμέραν, Σελινοῦντα καὶ Φοινικοῦντα καὶ Ἐρύκην καὶ Καμικόν Ἁλικύας τε καὶ Θέρμον καὶ Καμάριναν, ὡς καὶ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ. οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀκράγαντος τοῦ Διὸς καὶ Ἀστερόπης τῆς Ὠκεανοῦ. ἔστι καὶ Θρᾴκης καὶ Εὐβοίας καὶ Κύπρου καὶ Αἰτωλίας. Πολύβιος δὲ τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας ὠνομάσθαι Ἀκράγης διὰ τὸ εὔγεων.
The Bithyas, a Thracian people, [named] from Bithys, son of Ares, and Sete, sister of Rhesus. The Phlegyas, son of Ares and Chryse, and a people of Boeotia. Homer (Ν 302): “or among the great-hearted Phlegyas.” There is also the nominative Φλεγύης and Φλέγυς. Σατύας is a proper name in Hegesippus, and Ἀρύας is a river in Eratosthenes: “and the region above the Ἀρύας, at the outflows of rivers.” The feminine τριάς, however, with contraction, has the α. Words in -βας are barytone: Βίβας, the proper name; Φόρβας; Ἥλιος’ son, and a city of the Achaeans in Thessaly; Ἄβας, a river and a hero and a people; Ἴβας, Σκρίβας, Ψευδαρτάβας, Ἀννίβας, Κάβας, Λάβας, Ἰόβας, Ῥήβας, a river by Pontus and a region; Ἄλβας, a river now called the Tiber, since Tiberinus the king died in it. Χάλβας, a river of Syria; Σάμβας, the name of a river; Λυκάμβας, Χηράμβας. Κύρβας, Θίσβας, λυκάβας, Ἀρύβας, a proper name; Ἀρύββας, an ethnic name in Alcman. ἀλίβας. Ἀλύβας: some understood this as Metapontium in Italy, others as a city of Thrace, as Homer [does]. There is also a people [so called]. ὀκρίβας. But Βοιβᾶς is circumflexed. And στιβάς, feminine, with contraction, has the α; and βιβάς is a participle. Words in -γας are all barytone, unless it be in jest, as in φαγᾶς: γίγας, μέγας and Μέγας, Μίγας, Σάγγας, Ἄλγας, Βρίγας, a proper name and a people; Ζύγας, a people of Libya—“who, gathering flowers, make honey so that it is not inferior to that produced by bees”—as Eudoxus of Cnidus says in the sixth book of his Circuit of the Earth. Σάλγας, a river of Mauretania; Βησσύγας, a river of India. Ἀκράγας, a city of Sicily, from the river that flows by it. For Duris says that most of the Sicel cities are named from rivers: Syracuse, Gela, Himera, Selinus and Phoenicus and Eryx and Camicus, and also Halicya and Thermon and Camarina, as also in Italy. Others [derive it] from Ἀκράγας, son of Zeus and Asterope daughter of Ocean. There is also [an Ἀκράγας] in Thrace and Euboea and Cyprus and Aetolia. Polybius says that the river and the city were named Ἀκράγης from the country, because of its good soil.