Discussion of Callimachus, Arcas, and accentuation rules for names ending in -τας, -φας, -χας, -ας, with examples of place and ethnic names.
καὶ Καλλίμαχος ἐν τρίτῃ, ἀπὸ Ἀφέσαντος ἥρωος βασιλεύσαντος τῆς χώρας ἢ διὰ τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁρμάτων ἢ τοῦ λέοντος. ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς σελήνης ἀφείθη. Καλλίμαχος ἐν τοῖς ἰάμβοις (fr. 82 Bentl.) καὶ τὸ ἔθνος Ἀπέσας φησί, κ´ οὐχ ὧδ´ Ἀρείων τῷ Ἀπέσαντι πὰρ Διΐ ἴθυσεν Ἀρκὰς ἵππος. τὸ δὲ τρεσᾶς ἀπὸ συμβεβηκότος. καὶ τὸ Γλισᾶς δὲ ἡ συνήθεια περισπᾷ. * Τὰ εἰς 'τας' λήγοντα βαρύνεται, Σώτας, Μέτας Τυρρηνός, Τύντας, Κώστας, Ἀρχύτας, Εὐρώτας, Τελεύτας, Ὀφέλτας, Ἀκέλτας, Ἀμύντας· ἔστι καὶ ἔθνος Θεσπρωτικὸν Ἀμύνται «μένος πνείοντες Ἀμύνται». καὶ Ἀριστοτέλης ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν πολιτείᾳ. τὸ δὲ Γονατᾶς παράλογον διὰ τὸν τόνον καὶ τὸ Φιλητᾶς, Κομητᾶς. * Τὰ εἰς 'φας' λήγοντα βαρύνεται, Δέλφας, Ἄλφας, Ἄφας, Κύφας χωρίον τῆς Λακωνικῆς, Κορύφας, Ὑπέρφας, Περίφας, Ἀκύφας πόλις μία τῆς Λακωνικῆς τετραπόλεως, ὡς Θεόπομπος. Ὀνόφας. * Τὰ εἰς 'χας' βαρύνεται, ῎Υρχας, Λέχας, Καλλίχας, Λίχας, Λάχας, Κάλχας, Τρύχας. Λυκόφρων γὰρ Τρύχας πόλιν Εὐβοίας μεταφράσας Τρύχαντα καλεῖ. Τὰ εἰς 'ας' σύνθετα πάντα βαρύνεται, παιδοπίπας, εὐφαρέτρας, παρθενοπίπας, πατραλοίας, θυννοθήρας, βουβάρας ὅ ἐστι μέγας καὶ ἀναίσθητος, Εὐρυβίας, Πυθαγόρας, Παυσανίας. τὸ μέντοι χαλκοκράς ὀξύνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ παθητικοῦ παρακειμένου συντεθέν. τὸ δὲ φιλαπελλᾶς καὶ φιλοβορρᾶς τὸν τῶν ἁπλῶν ἐφύλαξε τόνον. Τὰ εἰς 'ας' συνεσταλμένα ἀρσενικὰ καὶ θηλυκὰ ὀξύνεται καὶ διὰ τοῦ 'δος' κλίνεται, ὁ φυγάς καὶ ἡ φυγάς, ὁ Ἀρκάς—ὁ πολίτης καὶ ὁ ἥρως. Ἴστρος δέ φησιν ὅτι Θεμιστοῦς καὶ Διὸς ὁ Ἀρκὰς ἐγένετο, διὰ δὲ τὴν τῆς μητρὸς ἀποθηρίωσιν (ἄρκτῳ γὰρ ὑφ´ Ἥρας αὐτὴν ὁμοιασθῆναι) ταύτης τυχεῖν τῆς προσηγορίας—καὶ ἡ Ἀρκάς. ἔστι καὶ πόλις Κρήτης Ἀρκάδες ὡς Ξενίων ἐν Κρητικοῖς. Δημήτριος δὲ οὐκ
Callimachus too, in the third book, derives it either from Apheas, a hero who ruled the country, or from the letting go of the chariots or of the lion; for there it was let go from the moon. Callimachus in the Iambi (fr. 82 Bentl.) also says that the people is called Ἀπέσας: “and not thus did the Arcadian horse Ἀρείων make straight for Ἀπέσαντι beside Zeus.” But τρεσᾶς is from an incident; and Γλισᾶς too usage circumflexes.
Words ending in -τας are barytone: Σώτας, Μέτας the Tyrrhenian, Τύντας, Κώστας, Ἀρχύτας, Εὐρώτας, Τελεύτας, Ὀφέλτας, Ἀκέλτας, Ἀμύντας; there is also a Thesprotian tribe Ἀμύνται: “Ἀμύνται breathing might.” Aristotle too in the Constitution of the Epirotes. But Γονατᾶς is anomalous because of the accent, and so is Φιλητᾶς, Κομητᾶς.
Words ending in -φας are barytone: Δέλφας, Ἄλφας, Ἄφας, Κύφας, a place in Laconia, Κορύφας, Ὑπέρφας, Περίφας, Ἀκύφας, one city of the Laconian tetrapolis, as Theopompus says; Ὀνόφας.
Words ending in -χας are barytone: ῎Υρχας, Λέχας, Καλλίχας, Λίχας, Λάχας, Κάλχας, Τρύχας. For Lycophron, translating Τρύχας, a city of Euboea, calls it Τρύχαντα.
All compound words ending in -ας are barytone: παιδοπίπας, εὐφαρέτρας, παρθενοπίπας, πατραλοίας, θυννοθήρας, βουβάρας, that is, “big and senseless,” Εὐρυβίας, Πυθαγόρας, Παυσανίας. However χαλκοκράς is oxytone, being compounded from the passive perfect. But φιλαπελλᾶς and φιλοβορρᾶς have kept the accent of the simple words.
Contracted masculine and feminine words ending in -ας are oxytone and are declined with -δος: ὁ φυγάς and ἡ φυγάς, ὁ Ἀρκάς—the citizen and the hero. But Istros says that ὁ Ἀρκάς was born of Θεμιστοῦς and Zeus, and that because of his mother’s being made beastlike (for she was made like a bear by Hera) he obtained this appellation—and likewise ἡ Ἀρκάς. There is also a city of Crete, Ἀρκάδες, as Xenion says in the Cretica. But Demetrius does not…