meanings of μύκητες and related words; examples of μύκην, forms and declension patterns; ethnic/place names (Γύγης, Δράγγης, Βρίγης, Βρύγης, Μίσγης) and references to authors; discussion of suffixes and declension of -ης and related forms
ὁπότε λύχνου δαιομένου πυρόεντος ἄδην ἐγένοντο μύκητες. σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀμανίτας τοὺς περὶ τὰ δένδρα γινομένους ὡς παρὰ Ἀντιφάνει «ὄπτα μύκητας πρινίνους τοῦσδε δύο». σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὸ μέρος τῆς λαβῆς τοῦ ξίφους «ἔνθα κρατεῖ τις, οὗ πεσόντος ἐκ Περσέως Μυκήνας συνέβη κτισθῆναι», σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὸ αἰδοῖον τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ὅπερ ἰσοσυλλάβως ἔκλινεν Ἀρχίλοχος (fr. 96 Bergk) ἀλλ´ ἀπερρώγασί μοι μύκεω τένοντες· καὶ ὅτι οὐ τὸ μέτρον αἴτιόν ἐστι, δῆλός ἐστι Ἑκαταῖος οὕτως κλίνας· φησὶ γὰρ «καὶ ἐπαφήσας τὸν κολεὸν τοῦ ξίφεος, τὸν μύκην εὗρεν ἀποπεπτωκότα». ὁ δὲ Ἄρατος περιττοσυλλάβως ἔκλινεν «ἢ λύχνοιο μύκητες ἀγείρονται περὶ μύξαν» (Dios. 244). καὶ μήποτε ταῦτα συναγωνίζεται τῷ Ἀριστάρχῳ. καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα διχὼς κλιθέντα οὐ μετέβαλε τὸν τόνον, οἷς ὅμοιον δύναται εἶναι καὶ τὸ Μέγης. Γύγης ἐπὶ τοῦ γίγαντος καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ βασιλέως τῆς Λυδίας. Δράγγης ἔθνος Περσικῆς. Στράβων πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ. Μόργης ἔθνος Ἰταλίας. Βρίγης ὁ κατοικήσας ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ, ἀφ´ οὗ Βριγία ἡ Τρωϊκή, τουτέστιν ἡ Φρυγία. Βρύγης ἔθνος Μακεδονικὸν προσεχὲς Ἰλλυριοῖς ὃ καὶ Βρύξ, Μίσγης ἔθνος Ἰβήρων. Ἑκαταῖος Εὐρώπῃ, Λίργης, Ἄργης κύριον «Βρόντην τε Στερόπην τε καὶ Ἄργην ὀβριμόθυμον» παρ´ Ἡσιόδῳ (Theogon. 140). τὸ μέντοι ἀργής ἐπιθετικὸν ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ἀγής ἀπὸ συνθέτου καταλελειμμένον τοῦ ἀαγής ὁ μὴ κλώμενος. τὸ δὲ Μογῆς καὶ Δρογῆς ἰσοσυλλάβως κλινόμενα περισπᾶται. καὶ τὸ ἀργῆς ἐκ τοῦ ἀργήεις καὶ τὸ φθογγῆς ἐκ τοῦ φθογγήεις καὶ τὸ Αὐγῆς ἐκ τοῦ Αὐγέας. Τὰ εἰς 'δης' δισύλλαβα μὴ διὰ τοῦ 'ους' κλινόμενα ἢ τὸ 'ο' παραληγόμενα βαρύνονται, Πύδης πόλις καὶ ποταμὸς Πισιδίας ὡς παρὰ Ἀντιμάχῳ
Whenever, when a fiery lamp was being lit, mushrooms came into being in abundance. It also means the amanitas that grow around trees, as in Antiphanes: “Roast these two holm-oak mushrooms.” It also means the part of the sword-hilt “where one grips it, from the fall of which from Perseus it came about that Mycenae was founded”; and it also means a man’s genital, which Archilochus declined with equal syllables (fr. 96 Bergk): “but the tendons of my μύκεως have been torn away”; and that the metre is not the cause is made clear by Hecataeus, who declined it thus; for he says: “and when he touched the sheath of the sword, he found the μύκην fallen off.” But Aratus declined it with an extra syllable: “or the mushrooms of a lamp gather about the snuff” (Dios. 244). And perhaps these facts support Aristarchus. For these, though declined in two ways, did not change the accent; and something similar can also be the case with Μέγης. Γύγης is used both of the giant and of the king of Lydia. Δράγγης: a Persian people. Strabo in the fifteenth book. Μόργης: a people of Italy. Βρίγης: the one who settled in Macedonia, from whom comes the Trojan Βριγία, that is, Phrygia. Βρύγης: a Macedonian people bordering on the Illyrians, also called Βρύξ. Μίσγης: a people of the Iberians. Hecataeus in Europe: Λίργης. Ἄργης, a proper name: “Brontes and Steropes and Ἄργης, stout-hearted,” in Hesiod (Theogon. 140). The adjectival ἀργής, however, like ἀγής, is left over from the compound ἀαγής, ‘not broken.’ And Μογῆς and Δρογῆς, declined with equal syllables, take the circumflex. And ἀργῆς comes from ἀργήεις, and φθογγῆς from φθογγήεις, and Αὐγῆς from Αὐγέας. Disyllables in -δης that are not declined through -ους or that have ο in the penult are barytone: Πύδης, a city and river of Pisidia, as in Antimachus.