Accentuation patterns for Greek ethnics, place-names, and adjectives with endings like -ους, -μης, -ανης, -αννης, -νης, -ης, -ενης, -ηνης (barytone/oxytone shifts).
Ἐπικνημίδιοι, οἱ καὶ Ὀπούντιοι ὧν ἦν Αἴας, καὶ Ὀζόλαι. φαινόλης, γενειόλης. τὸ δὲ ἀμελής, ἀφελής, καὶ ἀελλής καὶ ἀολλής ἐπίθετα καὶ εἰς 'ους' ἔχουσι τὴν γενικήν. Ἔτι βαρύνονται τὰ παρὰ τὸ ὄλω, πανώλης, ἐξώλης, προώλης καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ πωλῶ παντοπώλης. * Τὰ εἰς 'μης' βαρύνονται, Γιλγάμης ἔθνος Λιβύης· Ἡρόδοτος ἑβδόμῃ (c. 66). Ἰάμης ἔθνος Σκυθικόν. Ἑκαταῖος Ἀσίᾳ. λέγονται καὶ Ἴαμοι, ὡς Ἀλέξανδρος ἐν τῷ περὶ Εὐξείνου πόντου μυθολογεῖ. Ἀδρύμης Λιβύης πόλις· λέγεται καὶ ἀρσενικῶς καὶ θηλυκῶς ἡ Ἀδρυμητός καὶ οὐδετέρως τὸ Ἀδρυμητόν. κέκληται δὲ ἀπό τινος Ἀδρύμητος τῆς γενικῆς παραχθείσης εἰς εὐθεῖαν. ἄμεινον δὲ τὸ Ἀδρύμης· αἱ γὰρ ἀπὸ γενικῆς εὐθεῖαι δίχα ποιητικῆς φράσεως σπανιώταται. Ἔτι τὰ εἰς 'ανης' κύρια, Τιγράνης, Ἰορδάνης, Ἐξοστάνης, Ἀϊάνης, Βαρδάνης, Ἀριστοφάνης, Θεοφάνης. τὸ δὲ ἐπίθετον θεοφανής ὀξύνεται. καὶ τὰ εἰς 'αννης' διὰ δύο 'νν' Ὀρθάννης. καὶ τὰ εἰς 'νης' παραληγόμενα τῷ 'ρ'. Βαστάρνης ἔθνος ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἴστρον οἰκοῦν. καὶ τὰ εἰς 'ης' Περσικὰ πάντα, Ἀρταφέρνης, Ἰνταφέρνης. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ενης' κύρια βαρύνονται, Δημοσθένης, Διογένης, Ἀντιγένης, Ἀριστομένης, Βορυσθένης πόλις καὶ ποταμὸς τοῦ Πόντου παρὰ τὴν Μαιῶτιν λίμνην καὶ Τάναϊν τὸν ποταμόν. οὕτως καὶ ὁ Ἑλλήσποντος πρὸ τῆς Ἕλλης ἐκαλεῖτο. ἔστι δὲ καὶ πόλις Ἑλληνὶς πρὸς ἑσπέραν Βορυσθένου τοῦ ποταμοῦ, Μιλησίων ἄποικος, ἣν οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι Βορυσθένην, αὐτοὶ δὲ Ὀλβίαν. κεῖται δ´ ἐν νήσῳ, ἣν ποιοῦσιν ὅ τε Βορυσθένης καὶ Ὕπανις. ἀμένης ἀμένητος τὸ παιδίον διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν μένος. τὰ δὲ ἐπίθετα ὀξύνεται, ἀμενής, εὐμενής, δυσμενής, ἀγενής. * Τὰ διὰ τοῦ 'ηνης' ὀξύνονται, σαφηνής ὁ σαφής, παιδηνής ὁ παιδικός, γαληνής ὁ γαληνὸς τρόπος, δυσδηνής, ἀπηνής, προσηνής, δυσηνής.
The Epiknēmidians, who are also the Opountians, of whom Ajax was one, and the Ozolai. φαινόλης, γενειόλης. But ἀμελής, ἀφελής, and ἀελλής and ἀολλής, being adjectives, also have the genitive in -ους. Further, the words derived from ὄλω are barytone: πανώλης, ἐξώλης, προώλης; and those derived from πωλῶ, παντοπώλης. The proper names in -μης are barytone: Γιλγάμης, a people of Libya; Herodotus in the seventh book (c. 66). Ἰάμης, a Scythian people; Hecataeus in Asia. They are also called Ἴαμοι, as Alexander relates in his Mythology of the Euxine Sea. Ἀδρύμης, a city of Libya; it is also said in the masculine and feminine as ἡ Ἀδρυμητός, and in the neuter as τὸ Ἀδρυμητόν. It has been so called from some Ἀδρύμητος, the genitive having been converted into the nominative. But Ἀδρύμης is better; for nominatives formed from a genitive, apart from poetic diction, are exceedingly rare. Further, the proper names in -ανης: Τιγράνης, Ἰορδάνης, Ἐξοστάνης, Ἀϊάνης, Βαρδάνης, Ἀριστοφάνης, Θεοφάνης. But the adjective θεοφανής is oxytone. And those in -αννης with double νν: Ὀρθάννης. And those in -νης with penult containing ρ: Βαστάρνης, a people dwelling beyond the Ister. And all Persian names in -ης: Ἀρταφέρνης, Ἰνταφέρνης. The proper names in -ενης are barytone: Δημοσθένης, Διογένης, Ἀντιγένης, Ἀριστομένης; Βορυσθένης, a city and a river of Pontus by the Maeotic lake and the river Tanais. Thus too the Hellespont was formerly called after Helle. There is also a Greek city to the west of the river Borysthenes, a colony of the Milesians, which others call Borysthenes, but they themselves Olbia. It lies on an island, which the Borysthenes and Hypanis form. ἀμένης, ἀμένητος, ‘the child’, because it does not have μένος. But the adjectives are oxytone: ἀμενής, εὐμενής, δυσμενής, ἀγενής. The forms in -ηνης are oxytone: σαφηνής, ‘the clear’; παιδηνής, ‘the childish’; γαληνής, ‘the calm manner’; δυσδηνής, ἀπηνής, προσηνής, δυσηνής.