Accentuation patterns of Greek compounds and adjectives: which are oxytone or barytone, with examples (πρωτοπαγής, ἀριφραδής, ποδαρκής, ἀϊδής, ἐπιβλῆς), discussion of endings (-ης, -ος, -ης), compounds with verbs and nouns, Homeric/Aristophanic citations.
πρωτοπαγής, ἀριφραδής, διοπειθής, πολυδευκής, ἀϊδής »δυσμενέων δ´ ἀϊδής« λέγει Βακχυλίδης, οὗ τὸ οὐδέτερον ἀϊδές »τοῦ δὲ τάφον καὶ σῆμ´ ἀϊδὲς ποίησεν«. Ἡσίοδος (Scut. 447), Ἀριφράδης δὲ καὶ Διοπείθης, Πολυδεύκης, Ἀΐδης τὰ κύρια βαρύνονται ὡς καὶ τὸ Ἀριστοφάνης Διομήδης. ὁμοίως ὀξύνονται καὶ τὰ εἰς 'τος' τὴν γενικὴν ποιοῦντα, ἡμιθνής, ἡμιτρής, ἐπιβλής· διὸ καὶ παρὰ Ἀριστοφάνει τὸ »ὁ μέγας οὗτος κολακώνυμος ἀσπιδαποβλής«, ὅ ἐστι ῥίψασπις, καίτοι ἐκ τριῶν συγκείμενον λέξεων, ὅμως ὀξύνεται· οὐ καλῶς οὖν τὸ ἐπιβλής βαρύνει Ἀρίσταρχος, ὅτι δοκός ἐστιν. οὐ γάρ ἐστι βλής μονοσύλλαβον καθ´ ἑαυτὸ ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ἐννοίας, ἵνα ἐν συνθέσει βαρύνηται ὥσπερ τὸ Κρής Ἐτεόκρης. Βαρύνονται δὲ τὰ παρὰ τὸ ὄλω πανώλης, ἐξώλης, προώλης καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ ἀρκῶ αὐτάρκης, ποδάρκης—σημαίνει τὸν ταχὺν περὶ τὸν δρόμον ὁ τοῖς ποσὶ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ἐπαρκεῖν δυνάμενος πρὸς τὸ ὑπεκφυγεῖν ἢ διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους. Ὅμηρος »ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς« (Α 121). ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὄνομα κύριον. ὤφειλε δὲ εἶναι ποδαρκής ὀξυτόνως ὡς ἐπίθετον, ἀλλὰ σεσημείωται τὰ παρὰ τὸ ἀρκῶ. γίνεται δὲ ἡ κλητικὴ πόδαρκες ὡς αὔταρκες· καὶ τὸ οὐδέτερον ποδαρκές ὀξυτόνως, τῶν ἄλλων ὁμοφωνούντων τῇ κλητικῇ τοῦ ἀρσενικοῦ. σεσημείωται δὲ καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ ἀντῶ προσάντης καὶ τὰ παρὰ τὸ ἅδω αὐθάδης. Τὰ μέντοι παρὰ ῥῆμα σύνθετα εἰς 'ου' ἔχοντα τὴν γενικὴν βαρύνεται οἷον πωλῶ παντοπώλης, μετρῶ γεωμέτρης, τρίβω παιδοτρίβης, ὀφείλω χρεωφείλης, βαίνω ναυβάτης, μισῶ ἐργομίσης, τύπτω πατροτύπτης. τὸ μέντοι φιλαλήθης καὶ μισαλήθης καὶ εὐήθης καὶ κακοήθης παρώνυμά εἰσιν, οὐ παρὰ ῥῆμα. Τὰ παρ´ οὐδέτερα δισύλλαβα εἰς 'ος' λήγοντα, μὴ τῷ 'η' παραληγόμενα, συντιθέμενα, εἰς 'ης' λήγοντα, ἀρσενικὰ ὀνόματα ὀξύνεται ἐπιθετικὰ ὄντα, εἶδος εὐειδής, βάθος »ἀγχιβαθής δὲ θάλασσα« (Od. ε 413),
πρωτοπαγής, ἀριφραδής, διοπειθής, πολυδευκής, ἀϊδής—Bacchylides says “δυσμενέων δ’ ἀϊδής”, whose neuter is ἀϊδές: “τοῦ δὲ τάφον καὶ σῆμ’ ἀϊδὲς ποίησεν”, Hesiod (Scut. 447). But Ἀριφράδης and Διοπείθης, Πολυδεύκης, Ἀΐδης, as proper names, are accented with a grave, as also Ἀριστοφάνης, Διομήδης. Likewise, those that form the genitive in -τος are also accented with an acute: ἡμιθνής, ἡμιτρής, ἐπιβλής; hence in Aristophanes too: “ὁ μέγας οὗτος κολακώνυμος ἀσπιδαποβλής”, that is, “shield-thrower”; and although it is compounded from three words, it is nevertheless accented with an acute. Not rightly, then, does Aristarchus accent ἐπιβλής with a grave, on the ground that it is from δοκός; for βλής is not a monosyllable by itself in this sense, so that in composition it should take a grave, as Κρής does in Ἐτεόκρης. But those derived from ὄλω are accented with a grave: πανώλης, ἐξώλης, προώλης; and those derived from ἀρκῶ: αὐτάρκης, ποδάρκης—this means one who is swift in running, one who is able to suffice with his own feet so as to escape from or pursue enemies. Homer: “ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς” (Α 121). It is also a proper name. As an adjective it ought to be ποδαρκής with an acute, but the forms from ἀρκῶ are marked as exceptions. The vocative is πόδαρκες, like αὔταρκες; and the neuter ποδαρκές with an acute, the other cases being homophonous with the masculine vocative. Marked as exceptions too are those from ἀντῶ, προσάντης, and those from ἅδω, αὐθάδης. Compounds, however, derived from a verb, ending in -ου in the genitive, are accented with a grave, e.g. from πωλῶ παντοπώλης, from μετρῶ γεωμέτρης, from τρίβω παιδοτρίβης, from ὀφείλω χρεωφείλης, from βαίνω ναυβάτης, from μισῶ ἐργομίσης, from τύπτω πατροτύπτης. But φιλαλήθης and μισαλήθης and εὐήθης and κακοήθης are denominatives, not from a verb. Compounds from disyllabic neuters ending in -ος, not having -η in the penult, when compounded and ending in -ης, are accented with an acute as masculine nouns when they are adjectival: from εἶδος εὐειδής; from βάθος “ἀγχιβαθὴς δὲ θάλασσα” (Od. ε 413).