Ταφίων ἐκαλεῖτο. Εὐβοΐς, Τρωΐς, Ἀθωΐς, Ὁμολωΐς· Ὁμολωΐδες Θηβῶν πύλαι πρὸς τῷ ὄρει. Ἀχελωΐς. ὁ δὲ λόγος ἐπὶ Ἑλληνικῶν ὀνομάτων, μή τις τὸ Ξόϊς καὶ Σάϊς Αἰγύπτια ὄντα καὶ παρ´ Ἡροδότῳ λεχθέντα παράθηται. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Θμοῦις πόλις Αἰγύπτου, Σύϊς πόλις Αἰγύπτου, ὡς Ἑκαταῖος ἐν τῇ αὐτῆς περιηγήσει, καὶ Κρῶϊς Ἀράβων πόλις βαρύνονται. Τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ καὶ δαΐς ἡ μάχη ὀξύνεται, χωρὶς εἰ μὴ λέγοι τις τοῦτο βεβαρυτονῆσθαι πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τοῦ ὀξυνομένου ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ἀκρίς. τὸ δὲ Κράταιϊς δοκεῖ ἐπὶ τοῦ κυρίου βεβαρυτονῆσθαι διὰ τὴν αἰτιατικὴν »βωστρεῖν δὲ Κράταιϊν (Od. μ 124)· τάχα δὲ καὶ τοῦτο πρὸς διαστολήν. καὶ τὸ νηΐς μόνως θηλυκὸν ἐπὶ τῆς νύμφης ὀξύνεται, τὸ δὲ νῆϊς τὸ ἀρσενικὸν ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄπειρος οἷον «νῆϊς ἀέθλων» βαρύνεται. Τὰ εἰς 'ις' βαρύτονα καὶ ἐν τῇ συνθέσει βαρύνονται, μῆτις πολύμητις, ἴδρις ἄϊδρις, πόλις φιλόπολις, χάρις εὔχαρις. Τὰ εἰς 'ις' λήγοντα θηλυκὰ ὀξυνόμενα, εἰ μὲν ἐν τῇ συνθέσει φυλάσσοι μόνον τὸ θηλυκὸν γένος, καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τόνον φυλάσσει, εἰ δὲ μεταληπτικὰ γένοιτο καὶ ἀρσενικοῦ, μεθίσταται καὶ εἰς βαρεῖαν τάσιν ἀναγκαίως. τοῦ μὲν προτέρου, φυλάσσοντος τὸ αὐτὸ γένος καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν τόνον, σκελίς περισκελίς, νυχίς παννυχίς, τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου, ἐλπίς δύσελπις. ταύτῃ οὖν τὸ μὲν καταιγίς ὀξύνεται, τὸ δὲ μελάναιγις βαρύνεται. οὕτως οὖν καὶ τὸ εὐκλήϊς καὶ πολυκλήϊς καὶ μελαμψήφις βαρυνθήσεται· τίθεται γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ ἀρσενικοῦ ὡς καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου τὸ λεύκασπις. καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ Ἀμαζόνος ταγείη ἄν. καὶ τὸ εὐκνήμις ἀμέλει ἐπὶ Ἀθηνᾶς τέτακται παρὰ Ῥιανῷ Θεσσαλικοῖς «τοὶ δ´ ἤδη ἐπὶ νηὸν ἐϋκνήμιδος Ἰτώνης». * Τὰ εἰς 'ις' παρώνυμα ὀξύνονται, δρυμός Δρυμίς «Δρυμίδες νύμφαι», λόγος «Λογίδες σεμναί», φορμός «φορμίς· ἰσχάδιον» παρ´ Ἀλέξιδι. Κάδμος Καδμίς παρ´ Ἰβύκῳ «παρελέξατο Καδμίδι κούρᾳ», Παρνασσός Παρνασσίς, Μολοσσός Μολοσσίς, Κηφισός Κηφισίς,
It was called Ταφίων. Εὐβοΐς, Τρωΐς, Ἀθωΐς, Ὁμολωΐς: the Ὁμολωΐδες are gates of Thebes by the mountain. Ἀχελωΐς. But the discussion concerns Greek names, lest someone cite Ξόϊς and Σάϊς, which are Egyptian and are mentioned in Herodotus. Likewise also Θμοῦις, a city of Egypt, and Σύϊς, a city of Egypt, as Hecataeus says in his Periegesis, and Κρῶϊς, a city of the Arabs, are accented with the grave. By this principle δαΐς “battle” is also accented with the acute, unless someone should say that this is given a grave accent by way of contrast with the form accented with the acute, just as ἀκρίς too. But Κράταιϊς seems, in the proper name, to be given a grave accent because of the accusative “βωστρεῖν δὲ Κράταιϊν” (Od. μ 124); yet perhaps this too is by way of distinction. And νηΐς, only in the feminine, in the sense of the nymph, is accented with the acute; but νῆϊς, the masculine, meaning “inexperienced,” as in “νῆϊς ἀέθλων,” is accented with the grave. Words ending in -ις that are barytone are barytone also in composition: μῆτις πολύμητις, ἴδρις ἄϊδρις, πόλις φιλόπολις, χάρις εὔχαρις. Feminines ending in -ις that are oxytone—if in composition they preserve only the feminine gender, they preserve the same accent; but if they become transferable and also masculine, they necessarily shift also to a grave accent. Of the former type, preserving the same gender and the same accent: σκελίς περισκελίς, νυχίς παννυχίς; of the latter: ἐλπίς δύσελπις. Accordingly καταιγίς is accented with the acute, but μελάναιγις with the grave. Thus then εὐκλήϊς and πολυκλήϊς and μελαμψήφις will also be accented with the grave; for they are used also of the masculine, just as, conversely, λεύκασπις. For it could be applied also to an Amazon. And εὐκνήμις likewise is in fact applied to Athena by Rhianus in the Thessalica: “τοὶ δ´ ἤδη ἐπὶ νηὸν ἐϋκνήμιδος Ἰτώνης.” Derivatives in -ις are accented with the acute: δρυμός Δρυμίς (“Δρυμίδες νύμφαι”), λόγος (“Λογίδες σεμναί”), φορμός (“φορμίς: a little dried fig”) in Alexis. Κάδμος Καδμίς in Ibycus: “παρελέξατο Καδμίδι κούρᾳ”; Παρνασσός Παρνασσίς, Μολοσσός Μολοσσίς, Κηφισός Κηφισίς.